1. Training structure EFFO Ebola Safety and good quality work
Module 1: Knowledge about Ebola Virus Disease
Module 2:
Community response
Module 3:
Standard pre-cautions
Module 4:
Triage & isolation
Module 5:
Personal protective equipment
Module 6:
Water, disinfection and cleaning
Support from the community
Support from the hospital administration
Support from the population

2. Water, disinfection and cleaning Module 6

3. Learning objectives module 6
General objective
To know the principles of decontamination and cleaning in an isolation area.
Specific objectives
To know how to use disinfectant solutions
To know when and how to clean and disinfect contaminated areas.
To know how to eliminate waste from an isolation site.
To know how to manage laundry from an isolation site.
To know the minimum water and sanitation requirements.
To be familiar with the procedures and the responsibilities in the event of death.

4. Essential elements for preventing the transmission of Ebola:
Introduction
Essential elements for preventing the transmission of Ebola:
Standard precautions and PPE
- We have already learned the importance of PPE and standard precautions in preventing the transmission of Ebola or other infections
The role of health agents: Rigorously applying the standard precautions to all patients and at all times
RKI

5. Interhuman transmission via: blood other bodily fluids As well as via:
Introduction
Interhuman transmission via:
blood
other bodily fluids
As well as via:
contaminated objects
- Furthermore, we already know that Ebola can be transmitted by blood and other bodily fluids. "Which bodily fluids can you name?" (urine, stools, sperm, etc.)
as well as via contaminated objects “Which ones can you name?” (sheets, waste, waste water, bedroom, etc.)
so it is very important to ensure that the environment is decontaminated: clean the site, dispose of the waste, the laundry and the waste water, etc.
So: Preventing and fighting the illness caused by the Ebola is effective only if there is a coordinated multidisciplinary response
OMS
OMS

6. Multidisciplinary response
Bleach
Cleaning
Safe
burials
Water, disinfection and cleaning
Waste disposal
Water and sanitation
Plan of this presentation; Bleach: To what should you pay attention? – Cleaning, waste, laundry: How should you dress? How is it done? Etc… - Water and purification Risk-free burial
As you will see, we will address topics that are not merely the responsibility of medical personnel. It is important to raise awareness of these themes to know what you have to take into consideration.
Laundry

7. Bleach Before using bleach Is it the right product?
What concentration?
Correct production process?
Correct storage?
Safe use of bleach
Before using
bleach
Discussion: which practices are in place at the hospital? Which disinfectants are used?
Drills: Ebola is not very stable

8. Bleach - is it the right product?
The label might use different names:
"Bleach"
"Sodium hypochlorite"
"Aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite"
Products sold as "bleach" can sometimes contain other highly toxic chemicals.
© shishiga – Fotolia.com
Products sold as "bleach" can sometimes contain other highly toxic chemicals.
Always read the label carefully!

9. Bleach - concentration
Are you using the correct concentration for what you are doing?
For disinfecting contaminated surfaces or objects, or for washing gloved hands
For washing hands
0.5 %
There is one exception! If there is contamination in the red zone, the skin areas affected must be disinfected using bleach at 0.5% concentration!
0.05 %

10. If it is prepared locally: Bleach must be prepared fresh every day.
Bleach - production
If it is prepared locally: Bleach must be prepared fresh every day.
Label the recipients with the concentration and the date/time of production!
Producing bleach is not easy: quantities, products, controlling the pH, etc. → you have to learn the process and practise!
CDC
Bleach
0.5 %
14 April 2015, 08:00

11. Always use a lid to cover buckets. Keep solutions out of sunlight.
Bleach - storage
Replace the solutions when they are contaminated: the chlorine is no longer active!
Keep solutions for a maximum of 24 hours - prepare a fresh solution every day.
Always use a lid to cover buckets.
Keep solutions out of sunlight.
CDC

12. Bleach - using it safely
Concentrated bleach: avoid contact with skin
Do not put bleach in your eyes or mouth.
When preparing and handling bleach: always ware gloves, goggles, a mask and an apron. Avoid splashes.
Never mix bleach with soap or other solutions: the chlorine may be deactivated and it will no longer be able to disinfect sufficiently.

13. Cleaning in the red zone
High-risk area
RED ZONE
For cleaning in the red zone
→ Wear full PPE
Anticipate contact with blood and bodily fluids: for example, by cleaning surfaces that have been heavily contaminated with vomit or blood or are under one metre away from a patient suffering from diarrhoeia, bleeding, vomiting, etc.
Always follow the rules in the national plan!
RKI
Image: Cleaning during an exercise

14. Cleaning in the red zone
When should you clean?
Immediate cleaning:
Clean and disinfect all surfaces or objects contaminated by blood, bodily fluids, secretions or excretions as soon as possible.
Regular cleaning:
Routine cleaning of the site should be carried out regularly by a designated team.
Final cleaning:
Clean the site once the patient has been transferred.

15. Cleaning procedure First: Clean
Afterwards: Disinfect with bleach at 0.5%
Always clean from "cleaner" areas towards "dirtier" areas.
Change the cleaning solution frequently.
Dirty bleach in particular must not be reused.
First of all: Clean - Afterwards: Disinfect: To prevent the disinfectant being deactivated by organic matter. Reminder: never mix bleach and soap!
Clean working from "cleaner" areas towards "dirtier" areas: to prevent the transfer of contaminants.
Change the cleaning solution as it rapidly becomes contaminated. Disinfectants can be safely poured down the sink or down a drain.

16. DO NOT CLEAN WITHOUT LIQUIDS!
Cleaning - Warning!
Never sweep or clean without liquids.
Dusty cloths should never be shaken.
Do not spray disinfectant in health care facilities
DO NOT CLEAN WITHOUT LIQUIDS!
Do not clean or sweep without liquids: Using a damp cloth for cleaning prevents the air and other surfaces being contaminated by particles transported in the air.
Do not spray disinfectant in clinical points of care: This is a potentially dangerous practice that has no proven benefits in fighting infection.
RKI

17. Waste disposal For transporting waste from the isolation site:
→ Wear full PPE
infectious waste, for example: solid waste or any secretion or excretion with visible blood, even if from a part of the body that is supposed to be sterile.
Safety goggles are more effective than visors in protecting against splashes, which may come from below when pouring liquid waste from a bucket.
Always follow the rules in the national plan!
RKI
Image: Waste management during an exercise

18. Waste disposal Principles The regulations are strict and very precise
Process waste in accordance with local legislation
Anyone generating waste is responsible for it until it has been eliminated completely
Waste must be separated where it is produced in order to ensure that it can be transported safely and appropriately
Discuss the national plan/ the practices of the hospital?

19. The different types of hospital waste:
Separating waste
The different types of hospital waste:
Infectious waste
Household waste
Solid waste
Organic waste (which may be solid or liquid)
Liquid waste
WCHW: miscellaneous waste: office, household, etc.
CAWRI:
- solid waste: ...single-use laundry contaminated by bodily fluids, etc.
pointed, sharpened or sharp-edged waste: needles, catheters, ampoules, syringes, glass objects, etc. Pointed, sharp or sharp-edged objects must be disposed of after use in separate containers.
liquid waste: blood products, etc.
ATTENTION: All waste of an isolation area is infectious!
Also household articles!
Sharps

20. Waste management procedure I
Collect all solid infectious waste in sealed bags and dustbins with lids.
Bodily fluids must be placed in specific puncture-proof containers
Waste disposal: fecal matter, urine, vomit and liquid waste from cleaning must be disposed of in sewers or septic tanks
Place sharp or pointed objects in special puncture-resistant containers.
Pointed, sharpened or sharp-edged waste

21. Waste management procedure II
Use an incinerator or a septic tank for burning contaminated waste
Ensure that all waste has been completely burned
Ensure that there is sufficient security at the waste disposal site
Security on waste elimination sites: Supervise access to the waste storage and disposal area for animals, unqualified personnel and children.
RKI
OMS
Image: Incinerator during a waste management exercise

22. Waste – Be careful!
Take care when handling inflammable materials with gloves: if the gloves catch fire, you are at risk from burns.
Never carry binbags against your body (slung over your shoulder, for example)
Never recycle single-use items

23. Laundry management
The dirty laundry from an MVE patient is also contagious!
Ideally, the laundry used in an isolation site will be processed as waste:
Transport solely while wearing full PPE
Packaging in sturdy bags
Incineration
The laundry used by patients may be heavily contaminated by bodily fluids (blood or vomit, for example). It should then be burned in order to prevent unnecessary risks to the persons responsible for handling.
Watch out for splashes during handling!
Always follow the rules in the national plan!

24. If the laundry has to be reused:
Laundry management
If the laundry has to be reused:
Be very carefulwhen handling laundry.
Avoid splashes and protect yourself using appropriate equipment.
Never carry laundry baskets against your body.
Wash laundry using detergent and water → rinse it → then soak it for 30 minutes in a 0.05% chlorine solution
Do not hand-wash contaminated laundry

25. Water and purification
Minimum requirements in care establishments:
a sufficient supply of drinking water for the personnel, auxiliary staff and patients
separate excreta (stools and urine) from sources of drinking water
isolate excreta effectively so as to prevent any human contact
separate toilets for suspected and confirmed cases
Discuss hospital practices

26. Risk-free burial procedures
The body of a patient who has died from EVD is still highly contagious.
Handling should be kept to a minimum!
Consult the burial team for moving and burying human remains.
If the corpse needs to be transported - e.g. to a secure site until the burial team arrives - wear full PPE!
Do not wash or embalm human remains.

27. Communication with the family of the deceased.
Offer your condolences.
Take account of cultural and religious practices.
Explain to the families of victims that corpses are contagious and explain the idea of disinfection.
Explain to them that they cannot wash or embalm the body.
OMS

28. Fighting the Ebola epidemic: a multidisciplinary approach
Conclusion
Fighting the Ebola epidemic: a multidisciplinary approach

29. Thank you for your attention!
Copyright images
© sdp_creations – Fotolia.com
© HuHu Lin – Fotolia.com
© theblackrhino – Fotolia.com
© Jane Osina – Fotolia.com
© Strezhnev Pavel – Fotolia.com
©Adam – Fotolia.com
© andròmina – Fotolia.com
© OMS
© leremy – Fotolia.com
© Antonio Gravante – Fotolia.com

30. Practical exercise: separating waste
What are the local practices?
Which categories for waste separation are available?
How is waste processed (burned, etc.)?
→ Exercise “Waste management”
RKI