1. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting Internet History - Japan Aug. 28, 2003 Kazunori Konishi Draft

2. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting Objectives (1) Recording of the Pioneers’ efforts (2) Study on technical trend for investing the resources. (3) Lessons Learned from the History for the new problems; human nature will not change, though political or technical environments might face the big changes. =>> “Grass roots activities” should be based on human nature; ex. AP* activities.

3. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting Big Picture in Japan Network/ Protocol Equipment /Device Open Source RFCCarrier 1970 Original Protocol (intel CPU)monopoly 1980 OSI, UUCP => IP OSI, UUCP GW 1990 Commercial, APAN, IPv6 LaptopPC, i-mode ALTQ IPv6 DVTS Char Sets, MPLS, HDLC over SONET, FAX Sticked to, but finally gave up OSI 2000 Lambda network HDTVRTP-MPEG4, RTP-DV, Wireless Over provision

4. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting aloha net uucpbitnetwidesinetapanfuture year 19801985 1989199219982004? JP tohoku -u kddlabsutkeioniijst/sta Gov/WI DE US hawaii seism o cuny hawaii/ nsf sprintiu/nsf Gov/Do nation circuit NASA/ kdd kddlabibm compa nies monbu /gov jp/us gov jp/us gov/Do nation comm ents req by mpt volunt eer 1 st leased circuit OSI by gov compu ter centers 1 st transit service 10G lambda History of International Networks

5. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting ALOHAnet(1980) Lead by Professor Norman Abramson @ U-Hawaii : origin of Ethernet Coordinated at Pacific Telecom- munications Council(PTC) Professor Oizumi @ Tohoku-U joined the network. NASA(KDD) donated the satellite circuit, recommended by MPT KDD was rich, with the monopoly & high cost of the services.

6. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting UUCPnet/Usenet(1985) Operated by KDD Labs. on a volunteer basis. PSTN & PSDN were used. The partners became commercialized later on: UUnet, Eunet. “Membership” allowed the operation over the public networks, without any license. Limited resources were allocated, because OSI was promising in those days.

7. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting BITNET(1985) IBM donated the circuit & equipments, promoting SNA. Science University of Tokyo(SUT) organized private universities. The US power enabled to use the leased circuit without any license.

8. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting WIDE(1989) Jun Murai organized the large number of engineers at commercial companies & universities. (Murai had organized UUCP domestic network “JUNET”) U-Hawaii’s PACCOM project organized AP regional networks. Governments were still persistent in OSI, though they knew OSI was being defeated. (US Gov. also declared the adoption of OSI products) Industries & Universities required the “illegal?” activities of WIDE.

9. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting SINET(1992) Government was forced to adopt TCP/IP in addition to OSI. OSI was the primary protocol for a while. The big budget enabled the large membership. A Ministry can use the leased circuit without any license; not hierarchy among governments. Government is not so flexible.

10. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting AI 3 Network (1995)

11. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting APAN(1998) NSF required the transit services over TransPAC link. The owners of point-to-point links started the collaborated operations. AP Regional networks were developed with a hub in Tokyo. The institutions with advanced research projects are allowed to use TransPAC link.

12. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting Over Provisioning of the bandwidth Cable in Asia Wide BandwidthOwners C2C7.68 TbpsSingTel APCN22.56 TbpsMany carriers EAC2.56 TbpsChina Netcom Demand in Asia is roughly 10 Gbps now. Issue: How can we bridge the gap? Healthy business of telecom carriers should be protected.

13. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting Number of RFCs by Japanese YearNumber 19932 19940 19951 19961 199710 19983 19990 20008 200112 20016 20035