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Japanese Sounds and Pronunciation
Genki Textbook page 24 お あ う え い Japanese Sounds and Pronunciation
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Watashi wa kanada ni ikimasu.
Three types of writing 私 は カナダ に 行きます。 Watashi wa kanada ni ikimasu. Kanji Hiragana Katakana *Romaji
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練習 勉強します 中国 行きます 日本 Kanji 漢字 Chinese or native-Japanese origin
used for whole words used for parts of words such as verbs 練習 勉強します 中国 行きます 日本
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こんにちは 話します から Hiragana ひらがな 48 characters phonetic syllabary
used for Japanese words with no kanji used for grammar such as prepositions, verb conjugations こんにちは 話します から
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ピカピカ ジュース オーストラリア Katakana カタカナ 48 characters phonetic syllabary
used for foreign words used to show emphasis ie onomatopoeia ピカピカ ジュース オーストラリア
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go-shujin benkyō Igirisu-jin
Romaji ローマ字 roman alphabet used to show the pronunciation of Japanese words used for learners of Japanese only go-shujin benkyō Igirisu-jin
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Pronunciation はつおん 5 main vowels (short and long)
Similar to: Ah, we soon get old. SHORT SOUNDS LONG SOUNDS a あ ā ああ i い ii or ī いい u う ū うう e え ē or ei ええ えい o お ō おう おお
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Genki Textbook front cover
Hiragana Chart
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Hiragana – basic sounds
Genki workbook pg Hiragana – basic sounds Mnemonics from: Animations from:
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Genki workbook pg 117 – Practice writing as we go!
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A あ An antenna is up on the roof. あ as in ‘up on the roof’.
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I い There are two eels. い as in ‘eels’.
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U う Ooo! This is heavy! う as in ‘Ooo!’
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E え I have to exercise. え as in ‘exercise’.
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O お A golf ball is on the green. お as in ‘on the green’.
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＊NOTE: Handwritten Print
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KA か A kite is flying in the sky. か as in ‘kite’.
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KI き I have a key. き as in ‘key’.
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KU く Here comes a cuckoo bird. く as in ‘cuckoo’.
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KE け A keg of beer. け as in ‘keg’.
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KO こ An apple core. こ as in ‘core’.
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Genki workbook pg 117 II and III - Can you write the words?
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＊NOTE: Handwritten Print
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Genki workbook pg 118 – Practice writing as we go!
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SA さ I love sake! さ as in ‘sake’.
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SHI し She has a ponytail. し as in ‘she’.
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SU す The pigs tail will soon fall off. す as in ‘soon’.
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SE せ Sensei’s hat. せ as in ‘sensei’.
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SO そ Zig-zag sewing. そ as in ‘sewing’.
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TA た A letter ‘t’ and ‘a’ make ta. た as in ‘ta’.
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CHI ち She’s a cheerleader. ち as in ‘cheerleader’.
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TSU つ Tsunami is a tidal wave. つ as in ‘tsunami’.
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TE て The dog is wagging his tail. て as in ‘tail’.
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TO と Ouch! A nail is in my toe. と as in ‘toe’.
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Genki workbook pg 118 II and III - Can you write the words?
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Genki workbook pg 119 – Practice writing as we go!
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NA な A nun is kneeling in front of the cross. な as in ‘nun’.
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NI に A needle and thread. に as in ‘needle’.
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NU ぬ The egg fell out of the bowl with noodles and chopsticks
NU ぬ The egg fell out of the bowl with noodles and chopsticks. ぬ as in ‘noodles’.
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NE ね I caught a big fish in my net. ね as in ‘net’.
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NO の Do not enter! の as in ‘not’.
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HA は I live in a house. は as in ‘house’.
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HI ひ He is on the wall. ひ as in ‘he’.
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FU ふ I climbed Mt Fuji. ふ as in ‘Fuji’.
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HE へ There is a haystack. へ as in ‘haystack’.
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HO ほ A house becomes a home with a satellite. ほ as in ‘home’.
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Genki workbook pg 119 II and III - Can you write the words?
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Genki workbook pg 120 – Practice writing as we go!
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MA ま Mum loves music. ま as in ‘mum’.
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MI み Who’s 21? Me! み as in ‘me’.
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MU む Moo-moo cow. む as in ‘moo’.
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ME め Chopsticks and noodles without any mess. め as in ‘mess’.
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MO も The more worms, the more fish. も as in ‘more’.
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YA や Yay, I’m on a yacht. や as in ‘yay’.
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YU ゆ Make a U-turn. ゆ as in ‘U-turn’.
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YO よ Yoga is hard. よ as in ‘yoga’.
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Genki workbook pg 120 II and III - Can you write the words?
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＊NOTE: Handwritten Print
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Genki workbook pg 121 – Practice writing as we go!
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RA ら I love steamy ramen noodles. ら as in ‘ramen’.
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RI り A pretty ribbon. り as in ‘ribbon’.
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RU る Catch a kangaroo with a loop in the rope. る as in ‘kangaroo’.
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RE れ Ready, set, go. Let’s race! れ as in ‘Ready’.
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RO ろ No loop in the rope. The kangaroo got away! ろ as in ‘rope’.
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WA わ Wow! A magic wand. わ as in ‘Wow’.
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O を Oh! A cheerleader is on my toe. を as in ‘oh!’.
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N ん The letter ‘n’ in end. ん as in ‘end’.
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Genki workbook pg 121 II and III - Can you write the words?
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nan-ban なんばん べんきょう benkyō
ん ‘n’ is the only independent sound nasal sound When ‘n’ is followed by b, m, p the ‘n’ sound is more like ‘m’ nan-ban なんばん べんきょう benkyō
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Dropping sounds The ‘u’ sound at the end of verbs is often dropped: です desu = des＿ ございます gozaimasu = gozaimas＿ When pronouncing ‘shite’ the ‘i’ sound is often dropped: はじめまして hajimemashite = hajimemash＿te しつれい shitsurei = sh＿tsurei
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Particles – Hiragana changes
Particles are grammatical markers and are put before or after Japanese words to make a sentence. Eg. In romaji particles are written on their own separate from other words. Ie. Watashi wa kōen e ikimasu. wa o e は （not わ) を （not お） へ （not え）
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Hiragana – other sounds
Ten ten and maru Combined sounds
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Tenten and Maru
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＊NOTE じ ず mostly used ぢ づ rarely used
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Combined sounds きや vs きゃ しゆ vs しゅ ちよ vs ちょ
The hiragana line ending in ‘i’ sound can be combined with small： ‘ya’ や ‘yu’ ゆ ‘yo’ よ These create combined sounds and represent 1 syllable. Compare these sounds: きや vs きゃ しゆ vs しゅ ちよ vs ちょ big big big small
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ひ や big small
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Genki textbook pg 290 A-D (Basic sounds revision)
Genki textbook pg 291 E-F(Listening) Workbook pg 122
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Hiragana – other sounds
Small ‘tsu’ and Long sounds
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Long sounds ā ii or ī ū ei or ē ō kyā, kyū, kyō ああ いい うう ええ OR えい
おう OR おお (less common) きゃあ、きゅう、きょう etc
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kekkon けっこん kippu きっぷ massugu まっすぐ
four double consonants - kk, pp, ss, and tt in hiragana they are represented by a small tsu っ double consonants indicate a small pause so the mouth can prepare for the pronunciation of the next syllable kekkon けっこん kippu きっぷ massugu まっすぐ
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Pause sound (small tsu つ)
kk pp ss tt けっこん kekkon (marriage) きっぷ kippu (tickets) まっすぐ massugu (go straight) きって kitte (ticket)
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Genki textbook pg 292 G-H Workbook pg 123
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