1. Workshop for Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy 2011
AM and T. Hirano, Phys. Lett. B 703, 583 (2011)
Viscous Hydrodynamic Deformation in Rapidity Distributions of the Color Glass Condensate
Akihiko Monnai
Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo
Collaborator: Tetsufumi Hirano
Workshop for Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy 2011
September 24th 2011, The University of Tokyo, Japan

2. Introduction
Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at relativistic heavy ion collisions
Hadron phase
(crossover)
sQGP
QGP phase
(wQGP?)
RHIC experiments (2000-)
The QGP quantified as a nearly-perfect fluid
Viscosity is important in detailed analyses
LHC experiments (2010-)
Heavy ion collisions of higher energies
Will the RHIC modeling work at LHC?
Introduction

3. Color glass condensate
Introduction
Modeling a high-energy heavy ion collision
Hydrodynamic stage
Color glass condensate
Hadronic cascade
Initial condition
Hydro to particles ｔ
particles t
Freezeout
QGP phase
hadronic phase
Pre-equilibrium z
Color glass condensate (CGC)
Description of saturated gluons in the nuclei before a collision (τ < 0 fm/c)
Relativistic hydrodynamics
Description of collective motion of the QGP (τ ~ 1-10 fm/c)
The First ALICE Result

4. The First ALICE Result Mid-rapidity multiplicity Motivation
K. Aamodt et al. PRL
Pb+Pb, 2.76 TeV at η = 0
CGC
Motivation
The CGC is fit to RHIC data;
What is happening at LHC?
ALICE data (most central 0-5%)
CGC in Heavy Ion Collisions

5. CGC in Heavy Ion Collisions
Saturation scale in MC-KLN model
D. Kharzeev et al., NPA 730, 448
H. J. Drescher and Y. Nara, PRC 75, ; PRC 76,
λ=0.38
Fixed via direct comparison with data
λ=0.28
λ=0.18
: thickness function
: momentum fraction of incident particles
dN/dy
dNch/dη gets steeper with increasing λ; RHIC data suggest λ~0.28
Initial condition
from the CGC
Initial condition
from the CGC
Hydrodynamic evolution
Observed particle distribution
Observed particle distribution
A missing piece!
CGC in Heavy Ion Collisions

6. CGC in Heavy Ion Collisions
CGC + Hydrodynamic Model
Initial condition
from the CGC
Hydrodynamic evolution
Observed particle distribution
A missing piece!
In this work…
We estimate hydrodynamic effects with
(i) non-boost invariant expansion
for the CGC
(ii) viscous corrections
The first time the CGC rapidity distribution is discussed in terms of viscous hydrodynamics
Hydrodynamic Model

7. + Hydrodynamic Model Full 2nd order viscous hydrodynamic equations
Energy-momentum conservation
AM and T. Hirano, NPA 847, 283
EoM for bulk pressure
EoM for shear tensor
All the terms are kept
Solve in (1+1)-D relativistic coordinates (= no transverse flow) with Landau frame where local energy flux is the flow
Model Input for Hydro

8. Model Input for Hydro Equation of state and transport coefficients
Boundary conditions at the initial time
Equation of State: Lattice QCD
S. Borsanyi et al., JHEP 1011, 077
Shear viscosity: η = s/4π
P. Kovtun et al., PRL 94,
A. Hosoya et al., AP 154, 229
Bulk viscosity: ζeff = (5/2)[(1/3) – cs2]η
Relaxation times: Kinetic theory
AM and T. Hirano, NPA 847, 283
2nd order coefficients: Kinetic theory
Initial flow: Bjorken flow (i.e. flow rapidity Yf = ηs)
Energy distribution: MC-KLN type CGC (averaged over transverse area)
Dissipative currents:
Results

9. Results Distributions at isothermal hypersurface Tf = 0.16 TeV
RHIC
LHC
Outward entropy flux
Flattening
Entropy production
Enhancement
If the true λ is larger at RHIC, it enhances dN/dy at LHC;
Hydro effect is a candidate for explaining the “gap” at LHC
Results

10. Results Hydrodynamic parameter dependences (at the LHC)
CGC parameter dependence to be explored
Entropy production is roughly proportional to viscous coefficients
Shear viscous effects are dominant in the QGP phase
Fix the real λ from rapidity distribution and centrality dependences
Summary and Outlook

11. AM & T. Hirano, in preparation
Summary and Outlook
We solved full 2nd order viscous hydro in (1+1)-dimensions for the “shattered” color glass condensate
Future prospect includes:
Analyses on the CGC parameter dependences, rcBK, etc…
Estimation of the effects of transverse flow via developing (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model, etc…
Non-trivial deformation of CGC rapidity distribution due to
(i) outward entropy flux (non-boost invariant effect)
(ii) entropy production (viscous effect)
Viscous hydrodynamic effect may play an important role in understanding the seemingly large multiplicity at LHC
AM & T. Hirano, in preparation
The End

12. The End Thank you for listening!
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