1. 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +)

2. 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)

4. 17 INTERACTIONS (+, +)

6. 11 12 INTERACTIONS (-, -)

7. 13 14 INTERACTIONS (-, -)

8. 19 20 INTERACTIONS (+, -)

13. 21 INTERACTIONS (+, -)

14. 23 INTERACTIONS (+, ?)

15. 24

16. 18 INTERACTIONS (+, ?)

18. INTERACTIONS (?, ?)

19. COMPETITION (Chapter 13)

20. 2 Blenny Damselfish

21. 1 INTERFERENCE COMPETITION (INTRASPECIFIC)

22. INTERFERENCE COMPETITION (INTERSPECIFIC)

23. RESOURCE COMPETION 9

24. 9

25. TRENCHED UNTRENCHED 7 7 8

26. 5 6 TRENCHED UNTRENCHED

27. 13 Intraspecific Competition: Consequences Leafhopper

28. Fig. 13.6 in Molles 2006 Number of Leafhoppers (per cage) Number of Leafhoppers (per cage) Intraspecific Competition: Consequences

29. 10 Alfalfa 11 12 INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION: CONSEQUENCES

30. Fig. 13-5 in Molles 2006

32. INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION

33. NICHE: All environmental factors that influence growth, survival, and reproduction of a species Giant Kelp (Macrocystis) 15

34. Nutrients Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche (One Axis) Niche Breadth

35. Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche (Two Axes) Nutrients Oxygen Niche Breadth 1 Niche Breadth 2

36. Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche (Three Axes) Nutrients Temperature Oxygen

37. 15 Giant Kelp Niche: Other Environmental Factors? N – Dimensional Hypervolume: Hypothetical Space that Represents ALL N Environmental Factors that Influence Growth, Survival and Reproduction

38. Range of environmental conditions in which a given species can live in the absence of interactions with other species FUNDAMENTAL NICHE

39. Giant Kelp (Macrocystis) Bull Kelp (Nereocystis) 16 15 Effect of Interactions with Other Species NICHE

40. NICHE OVERLAP Fundamental Niches of Giant Kelp, Bull Kelp in One Dimension Giant KelpBull Kelp

41. Resource Utilization ADJUSTMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL NICHE IN PRESENCE OF COMPETITOR Giant Kelp Bull Kelp Giant KelpBull Kelp

42. Range of environmental conditions in which a given species can live in the presence of interactions with other species REALIZED NICHE Resource Utilization Giant Kelp Bull Kelp

43. Fundamental and Realized Niche of Chthalamus

44. Two Species with Same or Very Similar Niche: Is Coexistence Possible? Resource Utilization

45. Competitive Exclusion Principle: (G.F. Gause) Two Species with Identical Niches CAN NOT Coexist Indefinitely

46. 1 http://chemistry.csudh.edu/faculty/jim/cozumelaug06small/blenny3.jpg 2 http://jc-research.com/jim/diving-album/images/blenny-coral.jpg 3 http://curiousgeorgecottage.org/wp-content/images/seasm.jpg 4 http://www.picturepawfect.com/Sailing/P0003238.jpg 6 http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/lewisandclark/http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/lewisandclark/ images/ponderosa_pine_oregon_charlie_ott.jpg 5 http://www.nau.edu/~cline/speccoll/exhibits/fires/images/treecontrast3.jpg 7 http://www.treedictionary.com/DICT2003/IMAGES/ROOTS%http://www.treedictionary.com/DICT2003/IMAGES/ROOTS% 20DEEP%20TX%20PINE.jpg 8 http://www.ehow.com/images/ehows/steps/edgewwood_1L.jpg 9 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/centraloregon/forestry/images/http://extension.oregonstate.edu/centraloregon/forestry/images/ Old-GrowthPonderosaPine.jpg

47. 10 http://www.kalyx.com/store/images/medicagosativa3.jpg 11 http://www.fotosearch.com/comp/PHT/PHT365/PAA365000001.jpg 12 http://www.kerrysgarden.us/img/2006/echinacea-seedlings.jpg 13 http://www.microscope-microscope.org/gallery/Kenn/More3/http://www.microscope-microscope.org/gallery/Kenn/More3/ Leafhopper%20(new)2.jpg 14 http://www.surialink.com/HANDBOOK/Genera/image_browns/macrocystis_http://www.surialink.com/HANDBOOK/Genera/image_browns/macrocystis_ pics/Macrocystis_300.jpg 15 http://elementy.ru/images/news/kelp_macrocystis_pyrifera_300.jpg 16 http://www.westnurc.uaf.edu/anagisa/pics/nereo2.JPG 17 http://www.hsu.edu/content.aspx?id=5515 18 http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Blue%20Purple%20Enlarged%http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Blue%20Purple%20Enlarged% 20Photos/2mesa.jpg

48. 19 http://www.shootingstarnativeseed.com/Matt%20Weeding.jpg