1. CH. 9 Sec. 1

3.  “While Europe looked to its past with pride, America looked to its future.”  1. Always moving, always doing.  2. American Prudeness  3. Strong belief in economic and social mobility – Democratic process  4. Boastful, risk-takers  5. Above all—

4.  Population—  Doubled every 23 years. Why? ▪ 1. ▪ 2. ▪ 3.  America was slowly but surly becoming a nativist, xenophobic society.

5.  In 1800, less the 400,000 settlers lived West of the Appalachian mountains.  Americans began moving further west for… ▪ Religious reasons ▪ Purchase land ▪ Seek richer soil for their crops

7.  Magazine editor John O’Sullivan-  Manifest Destiny was the nebulous feeling that the United States had the God-given right to “overspread” the continent - that God intended for the U.S. to capture as much territory as possible. ▪ Why?

8.  First settlers called squatters.  Did not own the land they resided on, just made it their home.

9.  New technology that made farming easier prompted many people to move west.  1819-Jethro Wood- Patented a plow with an iron blade.  1837-John Deere- Designed a plow with a sharp steel blade to cut through hard soil.  1834-Cyrus McCormick- Patented mechanical reaper.

10.  Originally claimed by US, GB, Spain, and Russia. ▪ 1. Spain had ceded their claims in the Adams-Onis Treaty ▪ 2. Russia had given up claims south of 54-40 in the 1820s ▪ 3. British claims were based on Drake and the operation of the Hudson Bay Company  US interest peaked after Lewis and Clark

11.  Americans begin flooding into Oregon and California:  1. Missionaries  2. Gold miners  3. Pioneers ▪ Mountain men: Kit Carson and Jim Bridger began trading furs and interacting with the Native Americans. ▪ Carved out passages to the west—Oregon Trail

12.  As trails became worn, more regular people began making the trip on their own.  Overlanders- Used guide books to make the trip. ▪ Wasn’t easy. Trip took 5-6 months. ▪ Donner Party- trapped by winter snows in the Sierra Nevada. Resorted to cannibalism to survive.  1845: 5,000 US residents in Oregon. ▪ British claim to the area weakened.

13.  US residents in Oregon had success in dealing with Native Americans.  1851- Treaty of Fort Laramie ▪ Gave Sioux guaranteed hunting rights and protected reservations.

14.  In 1844 a mob murdered the Mormon leader Joseph Smith.  Brigham Young, the new leader of the Mormons, decided to take his people west in search of religious freedom.  Several thousand Mormons emigrated on the Mormon Trail. ▪ Settled on the Great Salt Lake in Utah.

16.  “The jolliest and most idiotic presidential contest in our history”  Democrats re-nominate Van Buren.  Whigs nominate William Henry Harrison. ▪ John Tyler runs as his VP. ▪ Military hero. ▪ No platform. ▪ Ignore all issues. ▪ “Tippecanoe and Tyler too”

17.  Harrison wins big: 234-60  Coldest inauguration day in history.  Harrison spoke for 1 hr. 40 mins w/o a hat or coat. ▪ Developed pneumonia. ▪ Doctors tried to save him: ▪ “After blistering and cupping him (another term for bleeding), they administered violent emetics (induced vomiting), and cathartics (designed to clean out the bowels); then switched to opium, camphor, and brandy; finally in desperation, they administered Indian medicine man's remedies such as crude petroleum and snakeweed. These finished him - Tecumseh’s revenge perhaps.” ▪ Dies 1 month after taking office.

18.  Tyler becomes president, is a Whig, but is anti-Whig as president.  1. Opposes chartering a new bank. ▪ After he vetos it, his entire cabinet resigns. ▪ Tyler is driven to the Democrats.  2. Favors the annexation of Texas.