1. Upgrading to SQL Server 2000 Kashef Mughal

2. Multiple Versions SQL Server 2000 supports multiple versions of SQL Server on the same machine It does that by either of the following methods Version Switching –Lets you switch between 6.5 and 7 or between 6.5 and 2000 (not between 7 and 2000) Named Instances –Lets you run either 6.5 and 7 as default instance and 2000 as Named Instance

3. Before the upgrade Anytime you do an upgrade, it helps to plan ahead before any problems arise Make sure that the machine meets the hardware and software requirements Backup the database to tape or another machine just incase the server dies on you during the upgrade process Plan for enough downtime if you are upgrading the software and databases Review the task list on Page 112

4. SQL Server 6.5 upgrade You have only one way to upgrade - use the SQL Server Upgrade Wizard The Upgrade Wizard will upgrade any or all of databases You must have a default instance of SQL Server 2000 installed on your computer for the upgrade to work. SQL Server Upgrade Wizard will not remove SQL Server 6.5 from the machine. In other words, you will have SQL 6.5 and 2000 and will have to uninstall 6.5 manually

5. SQL Server Upgrade Wizard Prompts for: –Upgrade options –Logon options –Code page selection –Databases to upgrade –Database creation options –Configuration settings

6. SQL Server 6.5 upgrade Methods –Local Drive (faster) –Tape backup Upgrade requirements –Hard disk space (1.5 times size of db’s) –Windows NT with service pack 5 –SQL Server 6.5 with service pack 5 –Internet Explorer 5.0 –Named Pipes (default \\.\pipe\sql\query)

7. SQL Server 7.0 upgrades Upgrade and overwrite (Version Upgrade) –During default installation only –Converts all data to SQL Server 2000 –SQL Server 7 must be offline Upgrade data(Copy database wizard) –SQL Server 7 remains intact –Default (SQL Server 7) and named instance (SQL Server 2000) –Uses DTS to migrate data –SQL Server 7 is online

8. SQL Server 7.0 upgrade Methods –Version Upgrade –Online Database Upgrade Upgrade requirements –Windows NT with service pack 5 –No SQL sp’s –No additional hard drive space –Named Pipes (default \\.\pipe\sql\query)

9. Class Assignment #1 Uninstall SQL Server 2000 on your machine In order to save time, work with someone else on the next steps Install SQL Server 7 on 1st computer (default settings) - Key is all 1111111’s Do a version upgrade as shown in Lesson 2 on Page 114. While the machine is upgrading, install SQL Server 7 on 2nd computer After the upgrade, review installation Take a break

10. Installation logs Check these logs for errors and important messages Sqlstp.log SQL Server Error log SQL Server Agent Error log Windows Application log

11. Common upgrade errors Communication errors –Invalid Named Pipe –Invalid password –Invalid service account Windows 98/Windows Me –Upgrade wizard not installed Illegal objects –Illegal objects are not transferred Insufficient resources

12. Class Assignment #2 In this one we will do an Online Database upgrade Delete Northwind database from the computer you upgraded (SQL 2000) Follow the instructions in Lesson #3 to upgrade Northwind database on 2nd computer (SQL 7) After the upgrade, review installation results and compare them to the other upgrade Finally uninstall and reinstall SQL Server 2000 with our original settings

13. Transact-SQL (T-SQL) SQL (pronounced sequel or SQL) is the universal language for database. For SQL Server the dialect is T-SQL TSQL has two types –Data Definition Language (DDL) – used to create and modify databases e.g. CREATE DATABASE –Data Manipulation Language (DML) – used to enter, modify, and extract data e.g. SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS

14. SELECT statement Simple syntax SELECT results FROM table_or_view [WHERE search_conditions] SELECT — columns to be retrieved FROM — data source (table, view, or UDF) WHERE — qualifying conditions

15. SELECT statement General syntax: SELECT [ALL|DISTINCT] select_list [INTO[[database.]owner.]table_name] FROM[[[database.]owner.]table_name|view_name| UDF] [WHERE search_conditions] [GROUP BY aggregate_free_expression] [HAVING search_conditions] [ORDER BY table_or_view_and_column] [COMPUTE row_aggregate(column_name)] [BY column_name]] [FOR for_options] [OPTION (query_hint)]

16. Simple SELECT statement SELECT statement Use Northwind SELECT * FROM Customers or Pick Northwind from drop down SELECT * FROM Customers

17. DISTINCT keyword Using DISTINCT Specifies that only unique rows can appear in the result set For Example SELECT DISTINCT city FROM customers

18. WHERE clause Specifies a search condition to restrict the rows returned Basic Syntax is [WHERE = Value] e.g. SELECT * FROM ORDERS WHERE CUSTOMERID=‘HILAA’ You can specify a number of conditions here using one or more operators

19. Comparison operators Less than or equal to<= Greater than or equal to>= Not less than!< Less than< Not greater than!> Greater than> Not equal to!= Not equal to<> Equal to= DescriptionOperator

20. More T-SQL operators Arithmetic operators + - / * % Logical operators AND OR NOT Concatenation operator + IN - if a value matches items in a list Is Null - check if value is missing =Null will not work

21. Wildcards - used for pattern All phone numbers with an area code that ends in 12 and starts with a value other than 2 Phone like ‘[^2]12%’ Only the last names Bone or ConeLname like ‘[BC]one’ First names ending in an like Jan, Nan, or TanFname like ‘_an’ All phone numbers in area code 212Phone link ‘212%’ Any character except the one specified[^] One character specified between [][] A single character_ A string of any number of characters% DescriptionWildcard

22. Aggregate functions Operate on a collection of values but return a single, summarizing value Calculate summary values –AVG(expr) –COUNT(expr) –MAX (expr) –MIN(expr) –SUM(expr) expr is an expression, typically a field

23. ORDER BY Specifies the sort order used on columns returned ORDER BY syntax: [ORDER BY [table.|view.]column | select_list_no | expression [ASC|DESC]] ORDER BY example: select customername, city, region from customers where country = 'USA’order by city, region

24. GROUP BY clause Specifies the groups into which output rows are to be placed GROUP BY syntax: [GROUP BY [ALL] aggregate_free_expression [, aggregate_free_expression...]] [HAVING search_conditions] GROUP BY example: SELECT region, COUNT customername) FROM us_cust GROUP BY region

25. GROUP BY example ORDER BY HAVING example: Try this SELECT ProductID, SUM(Quantity) FROM [ORDER DETAILS] GROUP BY ProductID HAVING SUM(Quantity) >1000

26. Class Assignment #3 Try the T-SQL provided on the handout Next week - Chapters 5 and 6 All Done! Stay Warm ;-)