1. Earth Science Ch. 1: The Rock Cycle G. Lescallette Mt. Ridge HS Rocks are naturally occurring, solid mixtures of one or more minerals and organic matter.Rocks are naturally occurring, solid mixtures of one or more minerals and organic matter. Rocks are always changing.Rocks are always changing. New rocks form from old rocks by a process known as the Rock Cycle.New rocks form from old rocks by a process known as the Rock Cycle.

2. Rocks have been used by humans for over 100,000 years for a variety of uses including:Rocks have been used by humans for over 100,000 years for a variety of uses including: ToolsTools BuildingsBuildings RoadsRoads AestheticsAesthetics

3. Buildings

4. Buildings

5. Roads and Bridges: Casselman Bridge, in Garrett County, is on the right.

6. Aesthetics: Marble Statues, Granite Countertops

7. Ever since the earth cooled, processes have been creating and destroying rock; these processes continue on today.Ever since the earth cooled, processes have been creating and destroying rock; these processes continue on today. Weathering: the process in which water, wind, ice, and heat break down rock. The small fragments that break off are called sediment.Weathering: the process in which water, wind, ice, and heat break down rock. The small fragments that break off are called sediment. Erosion: the process in which sediment is removed from its source by water, wind, ice, or gravity.Erosion: the process in which sediment is removed from its source by water, wind, ice, or gravity. Deposition: (root word = deposit) the process in which sediment is deposited at some distance from its source.Deposition: (root word = deposit) the process in which sediment is deposited at some distance from its source. Erosion and deposition are opposite sides of the same coin.Erosion and deposition are opposite sides of the same coin.

8. Weathering and Erosion: Delicate Arch, Utah

9. Weathering and Erosion: Monument Valley, Four Corners Region

10. Weathering and Erosion: Bryce Canyon, Utah

11. Transport of Sediment

13. Erratic boulder in New York’s Central Park: carried for hundreds of miles by continental glaciers

14. Deposition at the mouth of the Mississippi River

15. Deposition at the mouth of a canyon

16. Heat and Pressure can create sedimentary rock from sedimentHeat and Pressure can create sedimentary rock from sediment

17. If temperature and pressure are great enough, metamorphic rock will be formed.If temperature and pressure are great enough, metamorphic rock will be formed.

18. Rock can be exposed to the earth’s surface by uplift and erosion.Rock can be exposed to the earth’s surface by uplift and erosion.

19. Geologic Uplift

21. Rock Classification By type: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphicBy type: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic By composition: what minerals and other material are presentBy composition: what minerals and other material are present By texture: the size, shape, and arrangement of the grains that make up a rockBy texture: the size, shape, and arrangement of the grains that make up a rock Granite is a coarse-grained rockGranite is a coarse-grained rock

22. Sandstone is a medium- grained rock

23. Siltstone is a fine-grained rock