1. Cell Structure and Function - Review
View cell structure function
cytoskeleton
cytoplasm
ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell “plasma” Membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion
Lysosome
Golgi Body

2. The Nucleus – the control center of the cell
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3. Mitochondria “The powerhouse of the cell”
All cells need energy to grow, reproduce, and function. Like the organisms they comprise, cells must "eat" in order to get the energy they need. One of the most important types of cellular food is a molecule called glucose, which is a type of sugar and a carbohydrate. Eukaryotic cells take in glucose through proteins that cross the plasma membrane and then transport it through the cytoskeleton to the mitochondria (mitochondria is plural; the singular is mitochondrion) in the cytoplasm. The mitochondrion is often called the cell's powerhouse. Take a look at this bad boy:
“The powerhouse of the cell”
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4. The Endoplasmic Reticulum – The Cell’s Assembly Line
Both ER types are involved in making important cellular components. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is mainly responsible for the synthesis and processing of proteins that are either secreted from the cell or that end up stuck in the plasma membrane
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is primarily involved in the synthesis of lipids (fatty fat fats) and steroids, both very important components of cell membranes. The lipids made in the SER are combined with phosphorous to make phospholipids, the most abundant component of cell membranes.
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5. The Golgi Body – packaging for export
The Golgi body also packages the lipids and steroids made in the SER into vesicles. Packaged lipids and steroids are transported to the edge of the cell, as well as to all organelles within the cell, where they are used to build or repair the cell and organelle membranes.
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6. The Lysosome – Waste disposal and recycling
Lysosomes
Hmm…feels like we just mentioned these guys. Wait, we did! Lysosomes are small spheres of phospholipids made by the Golgi bodies and are responsible for breaking down cellular debris and material taken into the cell through the process of phagocytosis (the cell's swallowing up of things). The interior of a lysosome contains many enzymes and is slightly acidic so that material can be digested without harming the rest of the cell. Lysosomes maintain their acidity by pumping protons (hydrogen ions, or H+ ions) across their membranes through integral channel proteins.  Helpful tip: When you see "lys" as part of a word, think of cutting, chopping up, or breaking down. Lysosomes chop things up, glycolysis is the breaking down of sugar, and so on. There is a method to the madness…
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7. The Ribosome – Protein factories
Ribosomes are small cellular machines made of proteins and ribosomal RNA. All cells, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, have ribosomes. Site of Protein Synthesis
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8. Eukaryotic Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton
The cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is a gel-like, yet fluid, substance in which all of the other cellular components are suspended, including all of the organelles. The underlying structure and function of the cytoplasm, and of the cell itself, is largely determined by the cytoskeleton, a protein framework along which particles in the cell, including proteins, ribosomes, and organelles, move around.  You can think of the cytoskeleton as a type of 3D "highway system" with roads running in every direction, including up and down. The cytoplasm is the thick fluid in which the "highway system" is suspended and through which cellular materials are transported.  Helpful tip: Whenever you see "cyto" as part of a word, think "inside the cell."
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9. Cell Boundaries
The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support. The composition of nearly all cell membranes is a double-layered sheet called a lipid bilayer. As you can see in Figure 7-12,
there are two layers of lipids, hence the name bilayer. The lipid bilayer gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
The Plasma Membrane
Identification makers
Figure 7-12

10. Biology – Homeostasis Topics Essential Questions
Investigate and analyze the cell as a living system including:
Maintenance of homeostasis.
Movement of materials into and out of cells.
Essential Questions
How is homeostasis maintained? How are temperature, pH, blood glucose and water balanced?
What is the difference between active and passive transport? What is a semi permeable membrane?
What is osmotic pressure; can you predict changes? (isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic)

11. Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the property of a system that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, constant condition of properties like temperature, water balance or pH.
Homeostasis Overview
Cellular Homeostasis

12. Overview of the cell “plasma” membrane structure
The Cell Membrane
Overview of the cell “plasma” membrane structure
Protein with marker
Receptor protein
Channel protein
Phospholipid bilayer
Active transport protein
cholesterol
Cell Membrane Rap

13. Why are the tails moving away?
Hydrophilic – “water loving” phosphate head region
Hydrophobic –
“water fearing”
Lipid tail region

14. Passive Transport
Diffusion describes the spread of particles through random motion from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
Diffusion Definition
Diffusion Explained

15. Passive Transport
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, aiming to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides
How osmosis works

16. Passive Transport
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special transport proteins. 

17. Gummy Bear Lab The Method:
Set up the experiment as shown below using your chosen gummies
Osmosis Rap

19. Vitual lab - diffusion

20. Tonicity is a measure of the osmotic pressure gradient (as defined by the water potential of the two solutions) of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. It is commonly used when describing the response of cells immersed in an external solution.
Hypotonic Solution If water molecules continue to diffuse into the cell, it will cause the cell to swell, up to the point that cytolysis (rupture) may occur
Isotonic solution isotonic environment happens when an equal concentration exists inside and outside the cell
Hypertonic Solution If water molecules continue to diffuse out of the cell, it will cause the cell to shrink, or crenate.
Osmosis Demo
Animal cell
Plant cell

21. Passive Transport – Comparing Osmosis and Diffusion

22. Active Transport
is the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient (from low to high concentration) requiring the use of Energy.
Proton Pump
Active and Passive Transport

23. Active Transport
is the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient (from low to high concentration) requiring the use of Energy.
Endocytosis
“ Entering the Cell”
Phagocytosis
“Cell Eating”
Pinocytosis
“Cell Drinking”
Exocytosis
“Exiting the Cell”
Endocytosis and Exocytosis