1. African spaces between development and sustainable development Tuesday March 4th 2008 General presentation of the class

2. African spaces – Week 1 Introductions The aim of the class Tools and ways to use them Presentation of the program Oral presentation choice First elements Next week Before the end...

3. African spaces – Week 1 Cristina D’Alessandro-Scarpari PhD in Human Geography (Université de Tours) : geographers and development Post-doctorate in the US (West Virginia University): Digital Earth, Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park Research topics: Subsharan Africa, environmental protection, development, African cities

4. African spaces – Week 1 Cristina D’Alessandro-Scarpari Courriel: cristina.dalessandroscarpari@sciences-po.org cristina.dalessandroscarpari@wanadoo.fr Site web: http://scarpari.free.fr/  cristina

5. African spaces – Week 1 The aim of the class African spaces Scientific objectives Look at Sub-Saharan Africa from a geographical perspective Deal with different scales: not only Africa as a unit, but also spaces, places, regions Didactic objectives Go beyond common ideas brought by the media about underdevelopment, poverty, violence, corruption... Study problems, but also African solutions, paying attention to powers, dynamics and changes in spaces Be confronted with the complexity of the situations, with the variety of cases and the huge differences within the subcontinent General objectives Give you theoretical frameworks and case studies Train you to develop a critical understanding of African realities Give you the intellectual tools to understand the news and the changes Give you an understanding of African voices

6. African spaces – Week 1 An indispensable tool Basic knowledge of Sub-Saharan Africa A geographical perspective

7. African spaces – Week 1 http://allafrica.com/ http://en.afrik.com/

8. African spaces – Week 1 The best…..

9. African spaces – Week 1 It can be useful

10. African spaces – Week 1 http://www.sciences-po.fr/ Please send me an email: cristina.dalessandroscarpari@sciences-po.org

11. African spaces – Week 1 Sciences Po’s library http://bibliothequ e.sciences-po.fr/ To locate documents Paper documents Electronic documents (e- bibliothèque)

12. African spaces – Week 1 Sciences Po’s cartography lab. http://cartographie.dessciences-po.fr/recherche.php5

13. African spaces – Week 1 Program’s presentation  Calendar  Program  Grading system  Oral presentations  Bibliography and readings

14. Choice of oral presentations

15. African spaces – Week 1 To start powersAfrican spaces and not Africa or territories  powers actorsHuman Geography is a social science  society and social groups, individuals  actors dynamicsSpaces are not made once for all  dynamics imaginaries and actionsSocial representations have practical consequences  imaginaries and actions

16. African spaces – Week 1 Spaces Societies Powers African spaces

17. African spaces – Week 1 Development? Development is a group of practices sometimes (apparently) contradictory … to insure social reproduction … … it forces the transformation and destruction of physical environments … and social relations … … in order to increase production … … merchandise (goods, services) … … exchanged by a solvent demand.

18. African spaces – Week 1 Gilbert Rist Institut Universitaire d’Etudes du Développement

19. African spaces – Week 1 Next week Week 2 - From postcolonial development to structural adjustment Mandatory reading : Cooper F. (2002), Africa since 1940. The past of the present, Cambridge University Press, 91- 132 (chapter 5 – Development and disappointment) Fundamental reading to discuss in class : read and analyze it, think of the content

20. African spaces – Week 1 To end... www.guardian.co.uk/ Monday February 25th 2008 "South Africa to resume elephant culling” For the first time since 2004 The number of elephants in the country has risen from 8.000 to 20.000

21. African spaces – Week 1 Different actors and voices The country’s environment minister: last resort population control measure private landownersSouth African National ParksAnimal Rights Africa criticized as flawed for ethical, scientific and historical reasons  they accused the government of "bowing to pressure from private landowners and South African National Parks".

22. African spaces – Week 1 To go further… Fields destroyed and landowners complain The South African Parks’ position The economic business involved The government’s dilemma The animal rights activists To combine conservation and people’s lives and economic needs