1. THEME 2 NATURE & ENVIRONMENT “Doğa ve çevre” A – NATURAL DISASTERS Doğal felaketler

2. Are landslides, floods, earthquakes natural disasters? - Yes, landslides, floods, earthquakes are natural disasters. - Yes, they are. What are other natural disasters? - Other natural disasters are tsunami, hurricane and volcanic eruption. - They are tsunami, hurricane and volcanic eruption. Are fires natural disasters? - No, fires are not natural disasters. - No, they aren’t. Do under water explosions cause tsunamis? - Yes, underwater explosions cause tsunamis. - Yes, they do. What causeS tsunamis? - Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions, landslides CAUSE tsunamis.

3. Does traffic cause landslides? - Yes, traffic causeS landslides. - Yes, it does. Do people cause landslides? - Yes, people cause landslides. - Yes, they do. How do people cause landslides? (Deforestation, cultivation & construction) - People cut trees. - They construct huge buildings. Do landslides happen in Kastamonu? - No, landslides don’t happen in Kastamonu. - No, they don’t. Where do landslides often happen in Turkey? - They often happen in Black Sea Region.

4. Why do landslides happen in Black Sea Region most? - Because it rainS a lot there. Do people live by the rivers? Yes, people live by the rivers. Yes, they do. Is the land by the river flat and fertile? - Yes, the land by the river is flat and fertile. - Yes, it is flat and fertile. Why do people live by the rivers? Because the land is flat and fertile. Because RIVERS provide easy travel. What is the FUEL for the hurricanes? - HEAT and WATER are the fuel for the hurricanes.

5. Is a funeral a ceremony for a death person? - Yes, a funeral is a ceremony for a death person. - Yes, it is. Why do people cry at funerals? Because THEY are sad. Because one of their friends is dead. Did Marmara earthquake happen in 1999? - Yes, Marmara earthquake happenED in 1999. - Yes, it DID. What do people do during a disaster? - People try to protect themselves. - They try to protect themselves. Can we protect ourselves from natural disasters? - No, but we can take precautions.

6. How can we protect ourselves from natural disasters? - We don’t build our houses by the rivers. - We can use strong materials to build our houses. - We can protect nature. Do people wear colourful clothes at funerals? - No, people don’t wear colourful clothes at funerals. - No, they don’t. Why do people prefer wearing black clothes at funerals? - Because BLACK symboliseS UNhappiness or sadNESS. What is the most important thing a person has? - The most important thing a person has is his health. - It is his health. What does “survivor, sufferer, disaster victim” mean? - It meanS “someone who still lives after a disaster.”

7. Is a volcano an opening in the surface of the earth? Yes, a volcano is an opening in the surface of the earth. Yes, it is. Does this opening ALLOW hot lava, volcanic ash and gases to escape? - Yes, this opening allowS hot lava, volcanic ash and gases to escape. - Yes, it does. Do hot lava, volcanic ash and gases escape from magma chamber below the surface? - Yes, hot lava volcanic ash and gases escape from magma chamber below the surface. - Yes, they escape from magma chamber below the surface. - Yes, they do. Where do hot lava, volcanic ash and gases escape from? - Hot lava, volcanic ash and gases escape from MAGMA CHAMBER BELOW THE SURFACE. - They escape from magma chamber below the surface. What is the shaking of the earth called? - The shaking of the earth is called “EARTHQUAKE”. - It is called “EARTHQUAKE”.