1. External time wasters: Unscheduled Visitors Socializing Papers and correspondence Telephone interruptions Lack of information Excessive paperwork Communication breakdown Lack of policies and procedures Lack of Competent Personnel

2. Advantages of Time Management : 1)Reduction of stress: By proper scheduling and getting the task done will reduce stress 2)Sense of Achievement: Good time management give peace of mind and relaxation. Proper time table gives spare time to do all things for enjoyment. It also helps to do things better. 3) Increased energy: Completing the task in time will give an individual increased energy level and good sleep. 4)Increased productivity: One can take his own time and produce quality results if he plans his work before doing it. 5) Less rework: Being organized leads to less work Forgotten items,details and instructions lead to extra work 6)More free time: When one can make better use of time by managing his time he find more leisure time. 7)Less wasted time: When one knows what to do then he waste less time in idle activities. 8) More Opportunities: An individual find more opportunities when he manages time 9) Improves reputation: When an individual is committed to work then he is reliable which increase his reputation

3. 9) Improves reputation: When an individual is committed to work then he is reliable which increase his reputation 10) Less Effort: When properly planned less effort can be put for doing things. DISADVANTAGES OF TIME MANAGEMENT; 1)Making Distance from Social Activities: The main focus of management will be on professional tasks and they concentrate less on social activities. 2) Lack of Innovation: when one learns how to manage their time they become much disciplined and professional surrounded by doing and accomplishing their task. By doing so,one become so disciplined and one forgets to relax and one stop being innovative. 3) Stressful life : People with inadequate time management skills cannot make sufficient time to spend with family and children. 4) Addicted to Procrastination: Putting things off, Claiming to work under pressure, Lack of motivation and missing deadlines are signs of procrastination. This may lead to dissatisfaction both inside the family and organization. 5)Poor Multi tasking skills: The ability to multi task depends on the ability to divide and allocate the working hours according to the importance of tasks if not then it is difficult to satisfy everybody

4. 6)Negative Outlook: When a poor time manager often complaints about being overloaded with work, those around him find irritating which leads to misunderstanding and conflict TIPS TO MANAGER ON TIME MANAGEMENT: 1)Never waste employees time: The Manager should be a role model for his team mates and show them what he needs to be done. He should be sure that they have the needed tools and guide them. 2) Make sure that Time savers are really saving their time: The management should make the employees to understand that the introduction of new technology is to reduce time wastage 3) Prioritize the work for the team: The manager has to prioritize t he work according to its importance. He should also delegate interesting assignments that stretch imagination and creativity,encourage personal and professional growth 4) Communicate the goals: The manager should state clear objectives goals to the employees so the workforce understand the goals and become motivated and efficient. 5)Allocation of proper time limits: The manager should be realistic in his demands. He should indicate the specific time limit for the assignment. He should overload his staff. Manager should consult with his staff to determine the due date for longer assignments. 6)Encourage employees to focus at time: The manager should get the “workers” total attention on the individual task.

5. This will lead to faster work and better with less clarifications. 7) Have productive staff meetings: The manager should communicate to his staff to prioritize the least interest areas and attend meetings and work at home. Productive interactions can be made through meetings rather than memos,emails or phone or one on one conversations. VARIOUS OTHER JOB CRITERIA DIMENSIONS Some other functions that managers perform are Communication, Listening, Oral Presentation, Written Communication and many more. Delegation as an important function of Manager: There are several advantages resulting from effective delegation: In order to delegate, the manager should have the following: Receptiveness – Willingness to delegate – welcomes the ideas of subordinate Willingness to allow them to make decisions Willingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust subordinates Should delegate only if they have means of getting feedback Reward effective delegation.