1. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk Web 2.0: What Does It Mean For The Publisher? Brian Kelly UK Web UKOLN University of Bath Bath, UK, BA2 7AY UKOLN is supported by: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/meetings/alpsp-2006-03/ Acceptable Use Policy Recording/broadcasting of this talk, taking photographs, discussing the content using email, instant messaging, Blogs, SMS, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised. Also feel free to access the presentation, follow links, etc. Acceptable Use Policy Recording/broadcasting of this talk, taking photographs, discussing the content using email, instant messaging, Blogs, SMS, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised. Also feel free to access the presentation, follow links, etc. This work is licensed under a Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 licence (but note caveat) * * Subject to confirmation at end of talk

2. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 2 Contents Introduction Web 2.0 For The Publisher:  Benefits for everyone  Benefits for small organisations, professional organisations  Benefits for publishers Challenges Conclusions

3. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 3 About Me Brian Kelly: UK Web Focus – post funded by JISC and MLA to advise UK HE / FE and cultural heritage sectors on best Web practices Based at UKOLN, University of Bath Helped set up Web service in Leeds University in Jan 1993 - first in UK(?) and in first 50 registered at CERN) Web evangelist from 1993 (vs. Gopher orthodoxy!) Attended several WWW conferences since first in 1994 Author of many peer-reviewed papers and given many talks on Web issues Background

4. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 4 About This Talk This talk uses Web 2.0 technologies & attitude: PowerPoint slides contain links to relevant resources Resources bookmarked on del.icio.us social booking service (with tag alpsp-2006-03 ) Add your own related resources using the same tag (Virtual) WiFi network can be used by audience for discussions (you can think about implications) Possibly use of Skype to maximise access to talk CC licence for slides (and talk) Always beta – not everything will necessarily work, but that's not the end of the world Background

5. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 5 History Of Web Standards Early Days HTML+CSS+WAI WCAG = (Netscape's support for CSS was a problem) Later XML a winner New W3C formats (PNG, SMIL, SVG, …) Limited take-up – and other solutions have benefits (e.g. Flash) More Recently Complexity and Confusion: Semantic Web, Web Services, deployment difficulties (e.g. XHTML 2.0), patent issues, process issues, … Background

6. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 6 Bigger Picture In 2004/5 State of play in 2004/5: Web is mission critical We have Web teams and resources (but we'd like more) We have a Web/Information Strategy Focus tends to be on publishing Technological focus on CMS We’re cautious about use of Blogs, Wikis,... Publishers ahead of other sectors in appreciating benefits of metadata? Background

7. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 7 Web For 2006+ Significant changes seem to be happening: Blogs and Wikis RSS and Podcasting Mobile devices Pervasive networks (WiFi, broadband at home, 3G, …) Integration of services ("mashups") Microformats Google developments Web 2.0

8. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 8 Web2MemeMap, Tim O’Reilly, 2005 Characteristics Of Web 2.0 Network as platform Always beta Clean URIs Remix and mash-ups  Syndication (RSS) Architecture of participation  Blogs & Wikis  Social networking  Social tagging (folksonomies) Trust and openness Characteristics Of Web 2.0 Network as platform Always beta Clean URIs Remix and mash-ups  Syndication (RSS) Architecture of participation  Blogs & Wikis  Social networking  Social tagging (folksonomies) Trust and openness Web 2.0 What Is Web 2.0? Marketing term (derived from observing 'patterns') rather than technical standards - “an attitude not a technology” Web 2.0

9. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 9 Google as a Web 2.0 Exemplar Google – developed GMail, Google Maps, … Use AJAX to provide richly interactive interfaces Web 2.0 Is your organisation’s map rescalable (without loss of resolution)? Or do you have a map in GIF format: poor quality when printed, not reusable, but at least you own it and you've got the corporate logo on it.) Conclusions Simple to implement. Low risk; easy win for organisations. You will still have work to do, though. For example is your building on the map? Conclusions Simple to implement. Low risk; easy win for organisations. You will still have work to do, though. For example is your building on the map?

10. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 10 Note: Greasemonkey environment Note: Greasemonkey environment Web 2.0

11. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 11 Can you merge data from 3 rd party sources with your maps, like this merging of Google maps and BBC traffic data? See for examples. Note potential for value-added services for publishers e.g. publishing data associated with peer-reviewed articles. Can you merge data from 3 rd party sources with your maps, like this merging of Google maps and BBC traffic data? See for examples. Note potential for value-added services for publishers e.g. publishing data associated with peer-reviewed articles. Mashup – merging information from multiple sources (cf music mashups) Mashups Web 2.0

12. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 12 RSS E-mail has its role but: Why send messages which time-out when many users will read them too late? Why not use delivery channels which are spam-free? Why not use delivery channels which are more suited to receiving information (as opposed to discussions)? Why not allow users to select their preferred channels? RSS: Syndication of content A light-weight standard used in the JISC IE View on Web, using one of many dedicated RSS viewers, Opera or Pluck IE plugin Shouldn't RSS viewers be standard on desktops? Shouldn't we be creating RSS feed for news alerts – and not just adding to email overload? Shouldn't RSS viewers be standard on desktops? Shouldn't we be creating RSS feed for news alerts – and not just adding to email overload? Google for "rss is opt-in authenticated email" See RSS briefing paper Web 2.0

13. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 13 Netvibes.com Example of a personalised Web environment – just add your favourite RSS feeds Can be: Conventional news feeds RSS from email (e.g GMail) Dynamic RSS from searches … Note that Netvibes has an AJAX interface, so that the windows can be dragged around browser area, closed, etc. http://www.netvibes.com/

14. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 14 Mobile Devices Potential of mobile devices in learning, research, etc. Lectures on iPods; student- created Podcasts;.. Web 2.0

15. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 15 PDF Note that Talis (UK library vendor) are publishing Blogs and Podcasts about "Library 2.0" And UKOLN/CDNTL have also been experimenting Note that Talis (UK library vendor) are publishing Blogs and Podcasts about "Library 2.0" And UKOLN/CDNTL have also been experimenting

16. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 16 Are organisation’s Podcasts available through iTunes? Aren't you missing out on a major distribution channel? (Note Student's Union radio shows are leading the way) Are organisation’s Podcasts available through iTunes? Aren't you missing out on a major distribution channel? (Note Student's Union radio shows are leading the way) http://www.everyobject.net/static.php?page=interactive Web 2.0

17. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 17 Podcasting – My Experiences Aims: Gain experiences in creating Podcasts in order to advise & inform others of pros and cons Experiences: First Podcast recorded at RSS seminar at IOPP:  Lesson: iPod not needed for recording  Need to be confident about off-record remarks Several subsequent Podcasts made. Lessons:  Can synchronise sound with slides (e.g. SMIL, MS Producer)  The purpose (dissemination to others; accessibility; …)?  Balance of sound quality (editing, …) vs time Web 2.0

18. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 18 Web 2.0 Google "auricle bath" for URL Blogs (1) Blogs seem to be ideal for use in HE: Use by students: sharing learning; reflections on learning; developing writing & social skills; … Use by researchers: sharing knowledge and ideas; maximising impact; … (plus above) High profile e-learning Blog from Bath Univ. Note reference to Podcast – another very relevant technology for HE. Keep informed of e-learning developments from Scott Wilson's (CETIS) Blog. Note use of an RSS reader (reuse of chunks). http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/scott/ Use Technorati to search new postings in Blogs. Will you / your researchers) miss out? http://www.technorati.com/

19. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 19 Blogs And User Engagement University of Warwick seem to be leaders in the UK with their Student Blogging service: Listen to Auricle Blog & Podcast with John Dale Note that "students will say and do the wrong thing" issue has been addressed! (Note this is nothing new) http://blogs.warwick.ac.uk/johndale/ entry/student_mobile_ownership/ http://blogs.warwick.ac.uk/johndale/ entry/student_mobile_ownership/ Want to engage with your users? Why not set up an IT Services Blog? Here John Dale has received 20 comments on a posting about student mobile ownership (a typical high response rate)

20. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 20 Wikis (1) Wikis provide collaborative, easy-to- use Web-based authoring. Sounds ideal for HE: Students, researchers and support staff:  collaborative work  focus on content, not on authoring tools .. Web 2.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Warwick Issue: (for Web/marketing people) Shouldn't you be proactive in ensuring content is accurate, … Should you seek to lead in order to define structure? Issue: (for Web/marketing people) Shouldn't you be proactive in ensuring content is accurate, … Should you seek to lead in order to define structure?

21. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 21 Wikis (2) How can you not have a Wiki, for (e.g.) Systems documentation Better note-taking Student group working Collaborative research work … Should we be promoting/providing Wikis? UCISA/UKOLN event, Nov 2004 Yes. There could be real benefit and exciting possibilities in every area of institutional activities: teaching & learning, research, administration and user support. We need to get in there first and understand what users need and what they might do. We also need first make better use of wikis ourselves so we can.. Should we be promoting/providing Wikis? UCISA/UKOLN event, Nov 2004 Yes. There could be real benefit and exciting possibilities in every area of institutional activities: teaching & learning, research, administration and user support. We need to get in there first and understand what users need and what they might do. We also need first make better use of wikis ourselves so we can..

22. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 22 Social Bookmarking / Folksonomies Social bookmark services introduced "folksonomies": User-defined tags Used for bookmarking, shared photos, etc. Comments: Librarians point out flaws in approach But can miss the potential benefits Web 2.0 http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/ events/workshops/ucisa-wlf-2004-11/ http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/ events/workshops/ucisa-wlf-2004-11/ Looks a good event – I'll bookmark it (with 'UCISA' tag). What else have I bookmarked with the 'UCISA' tag? I notice others have bookmarked the same page. Who are these other people? What are their interest? As well as resource discovery, social bookmarking can help: Identify impact Find related resources NB Connotea As well as resource discovery, social bookmarking can help: Identify impact Find related resources NB Connotea

23. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 23 http://www.flickr.com/ + “folksonomies” Issues Should you "claim your tag" (e.g. "iwmw-2006") and convention (e.g. "leeds-publicity", "leedsmet-graduation- 2006") for your photos, Blogs, etc.? Should you proactively make you photos, etc. available? Issues Should you "claim your tag" (e.g. "iwmw-2006") and convention (e.g. "leeds-publicity", "leedsmet-graduation- 2006") for your photos, Blogs, etc.? Should you proactively make you photos, etc. available? Web 2.0

24. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 24 Mashing Up The Technologies We are now seeing many Web 2.0 services which integrate various Web 2.0 technologies: Blogs Wikis Google maps Flickr & other folksonomies … http://www.frappr.com/ Frappr is being used by an ALT Research Seminar in Holland to allow delegates to communicate before, during & after event Web 2.0

25. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 25 Microformats Background RDF applications haven't had expected impact Microformats provides a bottom-up approach, based on existing technologies e.g. use of and and agreed classes in (X)HTML pages. Examples: Contact details Brian Events  Paper metadata (cf WWW2006) … Robots, XSLT scripts, etc. can harvest such resources Example: Tom Heath's Acronym harvester which harvests pages containing and tags to build an automated glossary across community of Web sites Web 2.0

26. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 26 Instant Messaging (IM) IM – popular, widely used, with benefits for collaboration (but banned in some organisations) Meebo: Web-based IM client An AJAX application Issues: How do you ban it? Should you ban it? Interoperability http://www.meebo.com/ Web 2.0

27. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 27 Web 2.0 Skype / VoIP VoIP is coming, so now’s the time to gain experiences. What are the implications of ‘free’ always-on telephony (i.e. it's not just about software) - you could be broadcasting this talk now! Skype is a good example of Internet telephony: Integrated voice, IM, Web (and now video) Can be high quality Free / cheap calls Conference calls Accessibility benefits  Proprietary  Network and management issues

28. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 28 Web 2.0 Attitude We've seen examples of Web 2.0 technologies Other issues to consider: Clean URIs (how you CMS can make things difficult) A culture of openness A culture of trust A culture of 'always beta' Web 2.0

29. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 29 Clean URIs Let's not forget the importance of clean, application- independent URIs (URLs): Atomz taken over, Posting by F Riley to web-support JISCMail list, 6 Mar 2006 http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=ind0603&L=web-support &T=0&X=3794CB7B8D11140A64&Y=b.kelly%40ukoln.ac.uk&P=1509 Issues: Citation  Memorability Persistence  Application dependence Programmability (cf Amazon, …) Example: Important message is widely cited; an external Wiki (e.g. Wikalong) is used to annotate posting. Web site restructured – and annotations are lost

30. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 30 UK participants include: National Archives Natural History Museum Creative Commons, Science Commons, Open Access, Open Source, … are helping to drive Web 2.0. What's the UK HE's take on this? Creative Commons, Science Commons, Open Access, Open Source, … are helping to drive Web 2.0. What's the UK HE's take on this?

31. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 31 http://creativecommons.org/ See "Let's Free IT Support Materials!" (EUNIS 2005 paper) as an example of what UK HE could be doing

32. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 32 Exploiting Web 2.0 Within the publishing industry: What areas may Web 2.0 technologies be of use How do we go about deploying Web 2.0? More importantly, should we (isn't it just hype?) Some thoughts. Publishers can benefit: As users (including use in home and social contexts) As businesses with conventional business requirements As publishers, with specific requirements and target audiences (which you know about) Bodies such as ALPSP may have related requirements Do ALPSP members have different needs (and possible be benefits) from other publishers? Exploiting Web 2.0

33. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 33 You As A User How can you (as a user) make use of Web 2.0? Make use of technologies to support your home / social interests Make use of messaging tools when away from home: Skype, IM on laptop Maps Calendars for social use … Exploiting Web 2.0

34. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 34 You As A (Small) Business You can think about ways in which “the network as a platform” can be used to support your business processes: Outsourcing standard business processes:  Externally hosted email  Calendaring tools (esp. for arranging meeting with external bodies)  Office software(?) Introducing innovative ideas:  Social bookmarking  … … Exploiting Web 2.0

35. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 35 Your Collaborative Needs What (existing and new) collaborative requirements can be provided by Web 2.0 technologies: News alerts (using RSS) A publisher's radio show – Podcasting:  News about new publications, services, etc.  Interviews with editors, journalists, …  Interviews with your users ... Disseminations and discussion – Blogs:  A tool for creating RSS  A means of providing personality to shine through  A means of engaging in discussion ... … Exploiting Web 2.0

36. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 36 Engaging In The Openness Debate There is an opportunity to re-engage with the wider debate on openness: Open source Creative Commons e.g. CC licence for your Blogs, your Wikipedia entry, … Creative Science e.g. open access to data used by peer-reviewed articles (to allow for scientific mashups, such as spread of Avian flu) Open access Exploiting Web 2.0

37. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 37 Deployment Challenges Such questions: How do we go about deploying Web 2.0? More importantly, should we (isn't it just hype?) Challenges: We feel the services are technically / philosophically flawed  What about usage statistics, …?  How do we change existing culture, software, … We can't use Creative Commons, open access, etc. We shouldn't make use of commercial services What about accessibility? Deployment Challenges Questions for open discussion later

38. A centre of expertise in digital information managementwww.ukoln.ac.uk 38 Discussion Questions, comments, etc. welcome