1. RESPIRATION Unit 5 - Ecology

2. Cellular Respiration  A series of metabolic processes that take place within a cell in which biochemical energy is harvested from organic substance (e.g. glucose) and stored as energy carriers (ATP) for use in energy- requiring activities of the cell.

3. What does that mean?  We cannot use food directly as energy, we have to break the bonds within nutrients to get energy in the form of ATP.  To make ATP we take glucose from the food we eat plus oxygen we breathe in and make energy and water, plus the waste product carbon dioxide.

4. Where does respiration happen?  Remember the powerhouse of the cell?  mitochondria

5. Respiration Formula  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2  6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + (ATP)  Glucose is the fuel for the cell, but it is not in a form that we can use, it has to be converted into ATP, the ultimate cellular energy source.  What looks familiar about this formula?  Remember, the cycle of matter!

6. Types of cellular respiration  Occurs in the presence of oxygen  Maximizes ATP output  Each cycle through aerobic respiration makes 36 ATP molecules.  Happens without oxygen  Minimal ATP output (since it occurs without additional oxygen)  Each cycle through anaerobic respiration makes 2 ATP molecules. AerobicAnaerobic

7. Anaerobic Respiration  Occurs in animals  This is what happens to your muscles after you work out too long, you build up lactic acid.  Occurs in plants and fungi  This is how bread and beer is made.  Ex. Yeast, CO 2 released causes bread to rise. Lactic Acid FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation