1. Sheep & Goat Feeding Ansci 520 Dr. Dan Morrical Iowa State University

2. Sheep vs goats vs cows Intake Rate of passage Physical attributes Production levels and gestation ex. Growth rates

3. Very picky eaters Process roughage or feed very high quality Goats, extreme sorters pellet rations to prevent sorting

4. Sheep vs goats vs cows GrassForbsBrowse Sheep 50 30 20 Cattle 70 15 15 Goats 30 10 60 Van Dyne et al. 1980 Impact supplementation stratgedies

5. Young Lambs Enterotoxemia u Clostridium perfringens type C Symptoms u Sudden death in 7-21 day old lambs

6. Young Lambs.... continued Prevention u Booster dams in late gestation u Vaccinate lambs at 21 days and weaning u Orphan vaccination u Maximum colostrum intake Misdiagnosed-selenium/Vit. E deficiency or pneumonia

7. Purchased feeder lambs Assume no grain exposure Assume no vaccinations Vaccine is highly effective Feed company approach lower energy diets

8. GoiterGoiter Symptoms u Enlarged thyroid u Poor wool coat at birth u Low vigor/survival

9. Goiter..... continued Prevention u Iodized salt u Compensate for goitergens (kale, brassicas, etc.) u New NRC.8 PPM instead of.1 to.8 range

10. Finishing Lambs Enterotoxemia/OvereatingSymptoms u Best doing lambs u Uncoordinated movement u Rapid death

11. Finishing Lambs... continued Prevention u Vaccination - toxoid u Bunk management u Gradual ration changes u Antibiotics Misdiagnosed-polio and Vit. E/Se deficiency, pneumonia

12. Urinary Calculi much more important, why Wether lambs and stud rams Several types-phosphate, calcium, silica Problem-concentrates are low in Ca and high in P

13. Urinary Calculi... continued Prevention u Water intake u Salt (.5 to 1% of ration) u Ammonium chloride or sulfate u Add calcium to achieve >1.5:1 ratio to phosphorous u Never add phosphorous u New NRC

14. White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease Symptoms u Stiff rear legs and arched back u Sudden death u Aspiration Pneumonia u Poor suckling reflex u Poor reproduction

15. White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease...continued Cause u Deficiency of Vit. E and/or Selenium Note: Se is toxic but Vitamin E is not and E is also cheap Feds control how much Se,.69 mg/h/d High grain rations reduce Vit. E activity Newborns only source of E is milk New NRC increased E levels 5 times

16. Results - Serum E ewes ConE-GE-LE-GL Pretreatment1.271.26 Pre-lambing1.51 a 1.91 b Post-lambing a.93 a 1.13 b Mid-lactation.97 a.95 a 1.28 b 1.37 b Milk e at 3 days10.815.1 a,b Row means with different superscripts differ (p<.05).

17. Results - Serum E lambs ConE-GE-LE-GL 3 days1.081.08 28 days.41.381.331.33

18. PolioencephalomaciaPolioencephalomacia Thiamine deficiency Prevention u Maintain rumen health u Gradual ration changes u Feed some long fiber u Sulfur intake Less risk than cattle

19. Copper Toxicosis, sheep Breed susceptibility Mineral interactions-Mo & Su, along with high Zn & Ca along with high Zn & Ca Iowa Feedstuffs: Normal copper, low molybdenum

20. Copper Toxicosis... continued Prevention u Sheep specific feeds u No additional copper u Feed some Mo Copper & Molybdenum are both toxic Goats use beef mineral

21. Copper: Feed mill precautions SOP’s What would they be? 1. Liability insurance

22. Pregnancy Toxemia Cause - Excess fat catabolism and ketone accumulation Prevention u Over conditioned ewes u Increased conc. feeding LG coops add molasses ??? u Fetal scans u Pre-lambing shearing

23. Pregnancy Toxemia... continued Treatment u Propylene glycol u Induced parturition Severe cases usually do not recover why ?????

24. Grass Tetany Hypomagnesia Cause: excess potassium Lactating ewes on lush, spring pasture N fertilization increases risks Stress induced

25. Grass Tetany... continued Magnesium oxide in mineral poor palatability. Sudden death-confirmation by necropsy

26. Milk Fever Ewes vs. Dairy Cows Cause u Calcium deficiency ?? u Stress induced

27. MIlk Fever... continued Late gestation ewes carrying triplets Symptoms u Depressed, lethargic, recumbent Treatment u Calcium gluconate u Rapid response

28. Wool Pulling Cause u Inadequate dry matter intake u Small particle size, effective fiber u Low phosphorous intake

29. Wool Pulling... continued Prevention u Maximum 50% concentration ration u Improved feeding technique u Offer some low quality, long forage u Evaluate phosphorous level

30. SummarySummary Common sense eliminates most disorders Shepherd mistakes creates a lot of the disorders Seek advice if not sure of whatyou are doing