1. DNA Replication

2. Review The structure of DNA is a ____________________ The sides of the ladder is composed of _______________ and ________________ The middle rungs of the ladder is composed of ________________ Purines are ______________ and pyrimidines are _______________ A always binds to T and C always binds to G because __________________________________

3. DNA Replication When cells divide, all of the DNA in one cell need to be replicated Each strand of DNA acts as a template for a new strand We needed to know how Scientists Meselson and Stahl came up with a clever experiment to show this

4. 3 Different Possibilities Three models were suggested for the mechanism of replication: 1) conservative replication Each of the two strands is replicated without strand separation One DNA helix contains all old strands, other helix contains all new strands

5. 3 Different Possibilities 2) semiconservative replication Every newly created helix contains one old strand and one new strand

6. 3 Different Possibilities 3) dispersive replication After replication, every helix contains parts of the new and old strands randomly dispersed throughout the DNA molecule

7. The Experiment Step 1: bacteria is grown for many generations in an environment containing 15 N (this is a heavy isotope of the normal 14 N nitrogen) Over many generations, most of the DNA is made up of 15 N DNA containing 15 N is denser

8. The Experiment Step 2: the bacteria grown in 15 N were transferred to an environment with 14 N for one round of replication What results would you expect if the replication was: Semi-conservative? Conservative? Dispersive?

9. The Experiment The actual results after one generation: Therefore, replication is either semiconservative or dispersive

10. The Experiment Step 3: The bacteria were allowed to replicate once more What results would you expect if the replication was: Semi-conservative? Dispersive?

11. The Experiment The actual results: Therefore, replication is semiconservative

13. Practice questions Messelson and Stahl’s experiment indicated that DNA replicates semiconservatively. What percentage of DNA double helixes would contain one of the original parent strands after three generations of replication? The four nitrogenous bases are paired to make up the rungs of the DNA ladder. Differentiate between the purine and pyrimidine structures of each of these nitrogenous bases, and explain the significance of the pattern of their arrangement