1. { MONROE DOCTRINE James Monroe: President John Quincy Adams: Secretary of State

2. 1. Affected the future of Western Hemisphere? How? a) Fall of Napoleon (Backlash against republican/democratic movements). b) Restored monarchies (France, Austria, and Prussia) c) Russia (cooperating liberal elements in Italy and Spain. d) Help Spain to return to power in South America. Why? e) Russia’s presence in Alaska posed problem with Britain and Americans. Established a trading post in San Francisco Bay 2. Britain and US have a common interest in protecting North and South America from the possible aggression of a European power. EUROPE’S AMBITIONS

3. 1. Belize (1981) 2. Costa Rica (1821) 3. El Salvador (1821) 4. Guatemala (1821) 5. Honduras (1821) 6. Panama (1903), Columbia (1821) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Non- Native_American_Nations_Control_over_South_America_170 0_and_on.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Non- Native_American_Nations_Control_over_South_America_170 0_and_on.gif Latin America Independence

4. 1. Monroe’s main goal: ease tension with Great Britain which were high b/c of the War of 1812. a) Both sides reduced the number of warships in the Great Lakes Region. (Rush Bagot Agreement) b) Following year, the two countries to set the Northern border of the United States 49 degrees North latitude from Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. Rush Bagot Agreement

5. 1. Navy needs to stop the Spanish monarchy from attempting a comeback in Latin America. Why? 2. Diplomacy-Maintain British trade with the Latin American Republics. 3. George Canning: British Foreign Secretary a) Tells Richard Rush, US minister in London, about idea of issuing a joint Anglo-American warning to European powers not to intervene in South America. Do you think this should occur? British Initiative

6. 1. Do you think Monroe follows Canning’s idea of a joint declaration? 2. They thought it made sense except for John Quincy Adams a) Restrict US opportunities for further expansion b) If we act alone, Britain could be counted on to stand behind the US policy. c) No European power would risk going to war with a defensive British navy. American Response

7. 1. United States would not get involved with European affairs, nor would it take sides amongst any of them. 2. United States recognized existing colonies and states in Western Hemisphere and would not interfere. 3. United States would not permit any further colonization of the Western Hemisphere. 4. Any attempt by a European power to take control of any nation in the Western Hemisphere would be viewed as a hostile action toward the United States. Monroe Doctrine: December 2, 1823

8. 1. United States: Applauded Monroe but soon forgot about it. 2. Britain: annoyed with doctrine b/c it applied to everyone including them. 3. Monarchs: acted angrily, but US still had the support of Britain and their powerful navy. a) No right to tell rest of world what they do in the Two Americas. 4. Has major impact in later time periods. Responses

9. 1. 1865: Diplomatic and military pressure on Emperor Maximilian (France). 2. 1904: Europe creditors threaten to collect debts. a) “International police power” 3. 1904: Santo Domingo 4. 1911: Nicaragua 5. 1915: Haiti 6. 1962: Cuban Missile Crisis Future Decades

10. 1. Look at the cartoons and answer the questions. 2. Answer to the best of your ability? It does not matter if you are wrong just try your best