1. Cell Activity Videos Learning Set 2 : Lesson 2 : Slide 1 Optional 1) Plant Cells 2) Mitosis 3) Phagocytosis 4) Listeria 5) Neutrophil 6) Exocytosis 7) Bacteria Meiosis Mitosis 2 Mitosis 3 Exocytosis 2 Exocytosis 3 Bacteria 2 Additional Videos

2. Where are proteins in our bodies? Testing for Protein Where are proteins in chicken parts? Learning Set 2 : Lesson 2 : Slide 1

3. Special Skin Cells Make Melanin body epidermis How is melanin made inside the melanocytes? epidermis melanocytes tissue cells Melanosomes- organelles containing melanin found in melanocytes and other skin cells. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 2 Other skin cells

4. Melanocyte Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 3 Melanin (black dots) taken up by skin cells called keratino cytes “Octopus” like arms of Melanocyte cell Other skin cells

5. Looking inside a melanosome Large protein molecule called Tyrosinase. It is special type of protein that assists chemical reactions in the body. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 4 Other skin cells

6. Looking inside a melanosome Oxygen Tyrosine - small molecule. Building block needed to build melanin. First step in making melanin: Reaction between two molecules, one tyrosine and one O 2 to make a new molecule (called DOPA) O Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 5 Other skin cells

7. Oxygen Tyrosine O How can a large protein molecule like the Tyrosinase help to start the chemical reactions that form melanin? Tyrosinase Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 6 Other skin cells

8. Tyrosinase helps to position the molecules so that they can react. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 7

9. Tyrosinase (protein) Skin cell nuc New Molecule O Other proteins help turn the new molecule (called DOPA) into melanin. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 8 Other skin cells

10. What happened to Sammy Sosa? Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 9

11. Ponds Skin Lightening Cream What is the message of this ad? www.advertolog.com/ponds-5419455/print-outdoor/swan-7423605/ Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 10

12. Lactose intolerance Cannot break down lactose, a sugar found in dairy products Instead, bacteria in the intestine break down the lactose, producing gas Most children can break down lactose Most adults in the world cannot break down lactose - making them lactose intolerant Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 11

13. Cells in Small Intestine Break Down Lactose Cells in Small Intestine Break Down Lactose intestine cells How is lactose broken down in intestine cells? small intestine Lactose from diet Lactose brought into intestine cells Lactose broken down Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 12

14. Looking inside small intestine cells Small intestine cells lactose galactose glucose Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 13

15. Looking inside small intestine cells Small intestine cells lactose lactase How does the shape of the large protein molecule Lactase help the chemical reaction that forms glucose from lactose? Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 14

16. Looking inside small intestine cells Small intestine cells galactose glucose lactase Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 15

17. Lactose intolerance? Is it really an illness or are we victims of false advertising? inventorspot.com www.pcrm.org/newsletter/jun05/milk_ad.ht ml Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 16

18. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 6 : Slide 17 Cartoon ModelSpace-filling ModelBackbone Model Protein Models

19. PROTEIN STRUCTURE A protein Learning Set 2 : Lesson 6 : Slide 18

20. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 6 : Slide 19 PROTEIN STRUCTURE When amino acids form a long chain, the chain folds and makes a protein. The amino acids cause the protein to twist and bend, as shown on the left. Amino Acid Chain Chain of amino acids folded into a protein.

21. Learning Set 2 : Optional Lesson: Slide 20 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS Adapted from Carolina Supply Company Circle that portion of each molecule that is the same in every molecule.

22. Learning Set 2 : Optional Lesson: Slide 21 BASIC STRUCTURE OF AN AMINO ACID Basic structure of an amino acid

23. Learning Set 2: Optional Lesson: Slide 22 AMINO ACID STRUCTURE ALANINE

24. Learning Set 2: Optional Lesson: Slide 23 Chemical Structure: Chains and Rings Tryptophan

25. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 24 ASSEMBLY OF AMINO ACIDS

26. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 25 Protein Models…again

27. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 26 Key to Toobers Red = positive charge (+) K, R, H Yellow = negative charge (-) D, E Green = hydrophobic A, V, L, I, P, M, F, W Blue = hydrophilic G, S, T, N, Q, Y

28. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 27 Toober Model (Step 1)

29. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 28 Lactase Amino Acid Sequence

30. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 29 Preparing a Gel Image from powerful microscope gel Holes for samples to be tested

31. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 30 Put Protein Sample in Holes Pipet with solution of proteins Lots of different sized proteins

32. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 31 Samples We Want to Test lactase tyrosinase

33. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 32 Adding Electricity to the Electrodes Negatively charged proteins move towards positive electrode

34. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 33 Proteins Move Based on Size lactase tyrosinase

35. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 34 Record Data with a Picture

36. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 35 Lactase Sample for 3 Different People Lactose intolerance: 1)No 2)??? 3)??? Should person 2 drink milk? Person 3? Explain your reasoning.