1. Electric Charge Electric charge is measured in coulombs. The charge on an electron is _1.6x10 -19 C. A positive charge is caused by a loss of electrons A negative charge is caused by an gain of electrons. For a given process charge is conserved because the loss of electrons equals the gain of electrons.

2. Electric Charge Electric charge is measured in coulombs. The charge on an electron is _1.6x10 -19 C. A positive charge is caused by a loss of electrons A negative charge is caused by an gain of electrons. For a given process charge is conserved because the loss of electrons equals the gain of electrons.

3. Electric Charge Electric charge is measured in coulombs. The charge on an electron is _1.6x10 -19 C. A positive charge is caused by a loss of electrons A negative charge is caused by an gain of electrons. For a given process charge is conserved because the loss of electrons equals the gain of electrons.

4. Electric Charge Electric charge is measured in coulombs. The charge on an electron is _1.6x10 -19 C. A positive charge is caused by a loss of electrons A negative charge is caused by an gain of electrons. For a given process charge is conserved because the loss of electrons equals the gain of electrons.

5. Electric Charge Electric charge is measured in coulombs. The charge on an electron is _1.6x10 -19 C. A positive charge is caused by a loss of electrons A negative charge is caused by an gain of electrons. For a given process charge is conserved because the loss of electrons equals the gain of electrons.

6. Electric Charge Electric charge is measured in coulombs. The charge on an electron is _1.6x10 -19 C. A positive charge is caused by a loss of electrons A negative charge is caused by an gain of electrons. For a given process charge is conserved because the loss of electrons equals the gain of electrons.

7. Electric Charge Electric charge is measured in coulombs. The charge on an electron is _1.6x10 -19 C. A positive charge is caused by a loss of electrons A negative charge is caused by an gain of electrons. For a given process charge is conserved because the loss of electrons equals the gain of electrons.

8. Charging Charging by conduction results in the same charge. A negatively charged object will charge another object negatively by conduction. A positively charged object will charge another object positively by conduction.

9. Charging Charging by conduction results in the same charge. A negatively charged object will charge another object negatively by conduction. A positively charged object will charge another object positively by conduction.

10. Charging Charging by conduction results in the same charge. A negatively charged object will charge another object negatively by conduction. A positively charged object will charge another object positively by conduction.

11. Charging Charging by conduction results in the same charge. A negatively charged object will charge another object negatively by conduction. A positively charged object will charge another object positively by conduction.

12. Charging by Induction If a negatively rod is placed near a neutral electroscope electrons are repelled into the leafs and they separate If the electroscope is now grounded while the negatively charged rod remains near the top of the electroscope, the electrons with leave the electroscope through the ground. If the rod is now moved away from the electroscope the leaves will separate because the electroscope will now be positively charged.

13. Charging by Induction If a negatively rod is placed near a neutral electroscope electrons are repelled into the leafs and they separate If the electroscope is now grounded while the negatively charged rod remains near the top of the electroscope, the electrons with leave the electroscope through the ground. If the rod is now moved away from the electroscope the leaves will separate because the electroscope will now be positively charged.

14. Charging by Induction If a negatively rod is placed near a neutral electroscope electrons are repelled into the leafs and they separate If the electroscope is now grounded while the negatively charged rod remains near the top of the electroscope, the electrons with leave the electroscope through the ground. If the rod is now moved away from the electroscope the leaves will separate because the electroscope will now be positively charged.

15. Charging by Induction If a negatively rod is placed near a neutral electroscope electrons are repelled into the leafs and they separate If the electroscope is now grounded while the negatively charged rod remains near the top of the electroscope, the electrons with leave the electroscope through the ground. If the rod is now moved away from the electroscope the leaves will separate because the electroscope will now be positively charged.

16. Charging by Induction If a negatively rod is placed near a neutral electroscope electrons are repelled into the leafs and they separate If the electroscope is now grounded while the negatively charged rod remains near the top of the electroscope, the electrons with leave the electroscope through the ground. If the rod is now moved away from the electroscope the leaves will separate because the electroscope will now be positively charged.

17. Charging by Induction If a positively charged rod is placed near a neutral electroscope electrons leave the leafs and they separate. If the electroscope is now grounded while the positively charged rod remains near the top of the electroscope, the electrons with enter the electroscope through the ground. If the rod is now moved away from the electroscope the leaves will separate because the electroscope will now be negatively charged.

18. Charging by Induction If a positively charged rod is placed near a neutral electroscope electrons leave the leafs and they separate. If the electroscope is now grounded while the positively charged rod remains near the top of the electroscope, the electrons with enter the electroscope through the ground. If the rod is now moved away from the electroscope the leaves will separate because the electroscope will now be negatively charged.

19. Charging by Induction If a positively charged rod is placed near a neutral electroscope electrons leave the leafs and they separate. If the electroscope is now grounded while the positively charged rod remains near the top of the electroscope, the electrons with enter the electroscope through the ground. If the rod is now moved away from the electroscope the leaves will separate because the electroscope will now be negatively charged.

20. Charging by Induction If a positively charged rod is placed near a neutral electroscope electrons leave the leafs and they separate. If the electroscope is now grounded while the positively charged rod remains near the top of the electroscope, the electrons with enter the electroscope through the ground. If the rod is now moved away from the electroscope the leaves will separate because the electroscope will now be negatively charged.

21. Charging by Induction If a positively charged rod is placed near a neutral electroscope electrons leave the leafs and they separate. If the electroscope is now grounded while the positively charged rod remains near the top of the electroscope, the electrons with enter the electroscope through the ground. If the rod is now moved away from the electroscope the leaves will separate because the electroscope will now be negatively charged.

22. Coulomb’s Law F = k q 1 q 2 r 2 k=8.99x10 9 N m 2 C 2

23. Coulomb’s Law F = k q 1 q 2 r 2 k=8.99x10 9 N m 2 C 2

24. Coulomb’s Law F = k q 1 q 2 r 2 k=8.99x10 9 N m 2 C 2

25. Coulomb’s Law F = k q 1 q 2 r 2 k=8.99x10 9 N m 2 C 2

26. Coulomb’s Law F = k q 1 q 2 r 2 k=8.99x10 9 N m 2 C 2

27. Coulomb’s Law F = k q 1 q 2 r 2 k=8.99x10 9 N m 2 C 2

28. Coulomb’s Law F = k q 1 q 2 r 2 k=8.99x10 9 N m 2 C 2

29. Principle of Superposition Q 1 Q 3 Q 2

30. Principle of Superposition Q 1 Q 3 Q 2

31. Principle of Superposition Q 1 Q 3 Q 2

32. Principle of Superposition Q 1 Q 3 Q 2

33. Principle of Superposition The force of Q 1 on Q 3 has a horizontal component to the left. The force of Q 2 on Q 3 has a horizontal component to the right and a vertical component up. The total force on Q 3 by Q 1 and Q 2 is equal to the square root of the sum of x components squared and the sum of the y components squared.

34. Principle of Superposition The force of Q 1 on Q 3 has a horizontal component to the left. The force of Q 2 on Q 3 has a horizontal component to the right and a vertical component up. The total force on Q 3 by Q 1 and Q 2 is equal to the square root of the sum of x components squared and the sum of the y components squared.

35. Principle of Superposition The force of Q 1 on Q 3 has a horizontal component to the left. The force of Q 2 on Q 3 has a horizontal component to the right and a vertical component up. The total force on Q 3 by Q 1 and Q 2 is equal to the square root of the sum of x components squared and the sum of the y components squared.

36. Principle of Superposition The force of Q 1 on Q 3 has a horizontal component to the left. The force of Q 2 on Q 3 has a horizontal component to the right and a vertical component up. The total force on Q 3 by Q 1 and Q 2 is equal to the square root of the sum of x components squared and the sum of the y components squared.

37. Principle of Superposition The force of Q 1 on Q 3 has a horizontal component to the left. The force of Q 2 on Q 3 has a horizontal component to the right and a vertical component up. The total force on Q 3 by Q 1 and Q 2 is equal to the square root of the sum of x components squared and the sum of the y components squared.

38. Principle of Superposition The force of Q 1 on Q 3 has a horizontal component to the left. The force of Q 2 on Q 3 has a horizontal component to the right and a vertical component up. The total force on Q 3 by Q 1 and Q 2 is equal to the square root of the sum of x components squared and the sum of the y components squared.

39. Electric Fields E = F q o The direction of E at a point is defined to the direction of the electric force on a small positive test charge placed at that point.

40. Electric Fields E = F q o The direction of E at a point is defined to the direction of the electric force on a small positive test charge placed at that point.

41. Electric Fields E = F q o The direction of E at a point is defined to the direction of the electric force on a small positive test charge placed at that point.

42. Electric Fields E = F q o The direction of E at a point is defined to the direction of the electric force on a small positive test charge placed at that point.

43. Electric Fields E = F q o E = F q o E = K q o q q o r 2 E = k q r 2

44. Electric Fields E = F q o E = F q o E = K q o q q o r 2 E = k q r 2

45. Electric Fields E = F q o E = F q o E = K q o q q o r 2 E = k q r 2

46. Electric Fields E = F q o E = F q o E = K q o q q o r 2 E = k q r 2

47. Electric Field Lines Electric field lines begin on a positive and end on a negative. Electric Field lines never cross each other. The number of lines drawn leaving a positive or ending on a negative is proportional to the the magnitude of the charge. The electric field vector E is tangent to the electric field lines

48. Electric Field Lines Electric field lines begin on a positive and end on a negative. Electric Field lines never cross each other. The number of lines drawn leaving a positive or ending on a negative is proportional to the the magnitude of the charge. The electric field vector E is tangent to the electric field lines

49. Electric Field Lines Electric field lines begin on a positive and end on a negative. Electric Field lines never cross each other. The number of lines drawn leaving a positive or ending on a negative is proportional to the the magnitude of the charge. The electric field vector E is tangent to the electric field lines

50. Electric Field Lines Electric field lines begin on a positive and end on a negative. Electric Field lines never cross each other. The number of lines drawn leaving a positive or ending on a negative is proportional to the the magnitude of the charge. The electric field vector E is tangent to the electric field lines

51. Electric Field Lines Electric field lines begin on a positive and end on a negative. Electric Field lines never cross each other. The number of lines drawn leaving a positive or ending on a negative is proportional to the the magnitude of the charge. The electric field vector E is tangent to the electric field lines

52. Electric Field Lines Electric field lines begin on a positive and end on a negative. Electric Field lines never cross each other. The number of lines drawn leaving a positive or ending on a negative is proportional to the the magnitude of the charge. The electric field vector E is tangent to the electric field lines

53. Field lines Same Charge

55. Field lines –Same Magnitude

57. Field lines Different Magnitudes

58. Less charge less chargel Less charge less charge

59. Electric Fields in Conductors The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conducting material. Any excess charge on an isolated conductor resides entirely on its surface. The electric field outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to the conductor’s surface. On a irregularly shaped conductor, the charge accumulates at locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest – at sharp points.

60. Electric Fields in Conductors The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conducting material. Any excess charge on an isolated conductor resides entirely on its surface. The electric field outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to the conductor’s surface. On a irregularly shaped conductor, the charge accumulates at locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest – at sharp points.

61. Electric Fields in Conductors The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conducting material. Any excess charge on an isolated conductor resides entirely on its surface. The electric field outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to the conductor’s surface. On a irregularly shaped conductor, the charge accumulates at locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest – at sharp points.

62. Electric Fields in Conductors The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conducting material. Any excess charge on an isolated conductor resides entirely on its surface. The electric field outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to the conductor’s surface. On a irregularly shaped conductor, the charge accumulates at locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest – at sharp points.

63. Electric Fields in Conductors The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conducting material. Any excess charge on an isolated conductor resides entirely on its surface. The electric field outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to the conductor’s surface. On a irregularly shaped conductor, the charge accumulates at locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest – at sharp points.