2. Material engineering VS. Bioengineering In the beginning, material application was a problem of material choice. These days, scientists can device their own materials ! In material engineering, no ethical problems (compared with bioengineering).

3. Biometarials Applications: Replacement of damaged or dysfunctional tissues in order to restore function In dental applications, metal are used for –Filler material for decayed teeth –Screws for dental implant support –Dental material replacement Metal alloys that replace damaged biological tissues, restore function, and are constantly or intermittently in contact with body fluids are collectively called BIOMETARIALS or in this case BOMETALS

4. Biometals Specific characteristic for application in the human body –Biocompatibility Chemical stability, corrosion resistance, non carcinogenic & nontoxic when used in the human body. –Able to endure large & variable (cyclic) stress in the highly corrosive environment of the human body Strong, fatigue & wear resistance in a highly corrosive environment

5. Applications of biometal in human body bone fixation plate intramedullary nail1

6. Knee replacement Applications of biometal in human body

7. Biometals Metals/ AlloysRemarks Pure Co, Cu, NiToxic in human body Pure Pt, T, ZrHigh levels of biocompatibility Fe, Al, Au, AgModerate biocompatibility Some SS, Co-Cr alloysModerate biocompatibility SS, Cobalt-based alloys, Ti alloys Practically the most often used metals for load- bearing applications in the human body

8. Applications of biometal Metals/ Alloys RemarksApplication SS316 L SSbone screw, Fixation plates, Intramedullary bone nails, Pins, Temporary fixation devices Cobalt- based alloys Co-28 Cr-6 Mo cast alloy Co-20 Cr-15 W-10 Ni wrought alloy Co-35 Ni-20 Cr-10 Mo wrought alloy Co-28 Cr-6 Mo cast alloy Orthopedic implants Ti alloys- Pure Ti -α Ti alloy (Ti-Al, Sn, Zr) -α-β Ti alloy (Ti-6 Al-4 V, Ti-6 Al-7 Nb -Orthopedic application