1. What is C++, Features, IDEs
Introduction to C++
What is C++, Features, IDEs
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2. Table of Contents What is C++? C++ Basic Program Structure
History, Concepts & Philosophy, Standards
C++ Basic Program Structure
Entry point, libraries, namespaces etc.
C++ Compilers & IDEs
Code::Blocks
Visual Studio
C++ Features
C libs, OOP, Templates, Exceptions, Overloads

3. Fast, Mid-level, Multi-paradigm Language
What is C++
Fast, Mid-level, Multi-paradigm Language

4. What is C++? (1) General purpose programming language
Any field of application – science, business, etc.
Compiles to binary
Code directly executed on the hardware
Statically typed
All data is in predefined forms (data types)
Data is represented in variables of data types
A variable is of only 1 data type through its lifespan

5. What is C++? (2) Multi-paradigm Created by Bjarne Stroustrup
Supports procedural programming (as in C)
Supports object-oriented programming
Some functional programming in C++11 (latest)
Created by Bjarne Stroustrup
Originally "C with Classes", later renamed
Built over pure C, not fully compatible though

6. C++ Programming Model (1)
Imperative, Multi-paradigm language
Programmer can mix and match
Low-level memory access (down to each byte)
Procedural code (functions, memory pointers, etc.)
Object-oriented code (classes, methods, objects, etc.)

7. C++ Philosophy Features immediately useful in the real world
Programmers free to pick their own style
Allowing useful features
More important than preventing misuse
Features you do not use you do not pay for
Programmer can specify undefined behavior
More: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++#Philosophy

8. C++ Standards C++ 98 – first standardized C++ version
Still massively used today
C++ 03 – minor revision of 98, bug-fixes
C++ TR1 – specification of extensions to be included in next C++ version
Not really a standard
C++ 11 – latest official revision
Many new features and improvements
Lambdas, range-based loops, etc.

9. Entry point, Including libraries, Termination
C++ Program Structure
Entry point, Including libraries, Termination

10. C++ Program Structure Program entry point
C++ is free form – any ordering of program components is acceptable
C++ needs specific function to start from
The main function – entry point of the program
No other function can be named "main"
Can receive command line parameters
Termination – main returns, the program stops
The return value of main is the "exit code“
0 means no errors – informative, not obligatory

11. Hello World – Example
This is a classical "Hello World" example in C++:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
cout<<"Hello World!"<<endl;
return 0; }

12. Hello World – Example Include the input-output library
Say we’re working with std namespace (so we don’t write std:: in front of everything)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
cout<<"Hello World!"<<endl;
return 0; }
Parameters in these brackets are optional
"main" function – our entry point
Print to the console
For “main” 0 means everything went ok, terminating normally

13. C++ Hello World
Live Demo

14. Compiling code, Integrated Develompent Environments
C++ IDEs and Compilers
Compiling code, Integrated Develompent Environments

15. C++ Compilers A C++ compiler turns C++ code to assembly
i.e. translates C++ to machine language
An IDE is software assisting programming
Has a Compiler, Linker, Debugger, Code Editor
Code organization, Tools, Diagnostics
There are lots of C++ compilers
Free, open-source, proprietary
Most are embedded in IDEs
Bjarne Stroustrup’s advice on picking an IDE and compiler: stroustrup.com/compilers.html

16. C++ IDEs – Code::Blocks
Code::Blocks – free C & C++ IDE
Used in International Olympiad in Informatics
Comes with MinGW GCC compiler
Currently no support for C++ 11
Lightweight
Can compile single .cpp file
Can be used for bigger projects with many files, references, etc.

17. Code::Blocks
Live Demo

18. C++ IDEs – Visual Studio*
C++ IDEs – Visual Studio
Visual Studio – proprietary IDE for MS stack
Supports latest C++ standards
Single tool for:
Writing code in many languages (C#, C++, …)
Using different technologies (Web, WPF, …)
For different platforms (.NET CF, Silverlight, …)
Full integration of most development activities (coding, compiling, testing, debugging, deployment, version control, ...)
(c) 2007 National Academy for Software Development - All rights reserved. Unauthorized copying or re-distribution is strictly prohibited.*

19. Visual Studio
Live Demo

20. Notable C++ Features, Supported in all Standards

21. C++ Features Operators and operator overloading Memory management*
C++ Features
Operators and operator overloading
Over 35 operators – arithmetic, bitwise, comparisons, logical, etc.
User types can redefine operators
Memory management
Static allocation (compile-time, stack)
Auto allocation (stack)
Dynamic allocation – new, delete (heap)
(c) 2007 National Academy for Software Development - All rights reserved. Unauthorized copying or re-distribution is strictly prohibited.*

22. C++ Features Classes & Objects Templates*
C++ Features
Classes & Objects
Support for all OOP principles (inheritance, polymorpism, encapsulation, abstraction, virtuals)
Templates
Support for generic programming
(c) 2007 National Academy for Software Development - All rights reserved. Unauthorized copying or re-distribution is strictly prohibited.*

23. C++ Features Standard library Exceptions
Set of libraries, data structures and algorithms
Largely based on the STL
Exceptions
Objects representing errors
Can interrupt control flow and propagate to handlers
Can be user-created

24. Introduction to C++