1. Article #3 New York Windmills
Setbacks: Minimum distance from residence for
construction of turbines. Determined locally –
community, county, state.
Typical Setback = hub height + tip height x 1.5
So… ft +100 ft x 1.5 = 570 ft

2. Why Setbacks? Aesthetics Noise Flicker Shadow Blade Ice Fly Way
Tip speed = 100 mph
Fly Way
Migratory Birds/Bats

3. Article #4 Intro to Wind Development
Project Planning/Goals page 1
South Dakota #4 in Potential….why?
Low Population and high wind quality
Process is the same for all scales of operation
Size just changes length (time) of development
US Department of Energy Website
Maps – show wind class ( 3 or higher and clear of trees)
Assessment of “possible” project
MET Towers – study quality of wind on site. $80,000
Anemometer – gives wind quality data
Radar Globe- study quality from ground. No tower needed
Customer Base- does your peak production times meet the demands of potential customers? 5pm – 10 pm

4. Article #4 Intro to Wind Development
Site Assessment
Physical aspects of the property
Access? Can you get heavy equipment on-site?
Is road construction required?
Do current roads have to be improved?
Topography – surrounding terrain
Can enhance wind flow/can also detract from wind flow
Access to transmission lines
Current costs = $1.0 - $1.5 million/mile

5. Article #4 Intro to Wind Development
Business Structure
Possibilities:
Lease $ per/tower over 20 – 25 years.
Not much risk…..lowest payback
Join Coop
More risk – requires your money for development
More potential payback
Own it Yourself
High risk……more potential financial return
Why? Turbine cost, construction, connection, metering, maintenance, consultation
Finance Options- dependant on what your structure is
Assignment- Read pages 4-6. Find current event article on wind energy.

6. Article #5 “Know Your Wind”
Wind Speed – MOST important variable
Varies = Seasonal, Height, Time of Day
Average annual wind speed “Cubic Relationship”
15mph = mph = %
Wind Speed Distribution
Flagging – Vegetation deformation due to wind
Griggs-Putnam Index of Deformity p.3
Anemometer/Radar
State Wind Resource maps
Daily/Seasonal Wind
Need a “Client” You, coop, power company?
Wind Direction
Wind Rose Chart

7. Know Your Wind Con’t Wind Shear Air pressure and Temperature Obstacles
Typically increases with height
Air pressure and Temperature
Minimal effect….air density
Regional data
Obstacles
Trees, buildings, other turbines
Roughness
Vegetation, terrain….SMOOOOTH=GOOOD
19 mile radius
Contours

8. Solar Energy = Wind Energy?
Sun = radiant energy
Earth’s Surfaces heat unevenly…water/land
Differing times of the day
Warm air Rises= lowers Atmospheric pressure
Cooler air (more dense) is drawn in to replace it
End Result ……WIND! Isobar Map Explanation
Air has mass, when in motion = Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy = mechanical energy = work
Graphic 10.1 p. 242

9. Energy Production Units
Watt W Watt = volts x amps
Kilowatt kW = 1000 watts
Megawatt MW = 1,000,000 watts
Gigawatt GW = 1,000,000,000 watts
Production and Consumption are usually measured in kWh (kilowatt hours)
kWh = 1 kW produced/consumed per hour
50 watt bulb on for 20 hours = 1 kWh = $.07
50 W x 20 h = 1000wh = 1kWh

10. USA household Energy Usage
Average electrical use = 10,000 kWh
Spirit Lake Elementary kW Turbine
350,000 kWh/year
53,000 sq. ft
Bonus $25,000/year
Utility Scale Requirements – Turbine Tour
Minimum average of 13 mph (6 m/s)
1 MW can produce 2.4 – 3 million kWh/year
Pay back in SD? 7 – 7.5 years

11. Procedure # 2 Math
The Power contained in a square meter of air, at a given density is represented by:
P = ½ x p x (v)3 answer will be in watts/m2
P = Power (watts/m2)
P = Standard atmosphere = 1.225kg/m3
V = wind speed in m/s (1m/s = 2.23 mph)
So….how much power in a wind 3 m/s?
P = ½ x kg/m3 x (3 m/s)3 = 16.5 watts/m2