1. Knowledge Economy of Social Sciences in India: A Case of Economics BINO PAUL GD, TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

2. Key elements for discussion  Knowledge as public, quasi, private goods  Author and Institutional Concentration  Social network of authors Role of social network or Knowledge output is also a function of social interaction Does this social interaction of authors follow a particular pattern?

3. Literature and Context of the study Knowledge Economy of Social Sciences in India: A Case of Economics Concentration in KnowledgeOutput Cox and Chung (1991) Hodgson and Rothman (1999) Bino et al. (2005) Role of Social network in KnowledgeGranovettor(1985) Cowan and Jonard (1999) Klamer and Van Dalen (2002 ) Testing of small world Barabasi and Bonabeau (2003) Goyal et al (2006) (Economics ) Economics of Growth Solow (1956) Romer (1990)

4. Does geography matter in knowledge production Did the emergence of new technologies affect the structure of knowledge activity? Link between social network of authors and citations How does the Indian network look different from the broader international network? An illustration of Indian Economics Major questions?

5.  Data for the present study comes from six leading economics journals in India- IER, IEJ, IJAE,JQE, AV, IESHR (Krishna & Bino, 2009)  The network database consists of authorship for forty years from 1966-2005 (most extensive database)  Authorship for each article and conference proceedings are compiled for each journal separately  The entire data base is divided into four windows; 1966-75, 1976- 85, 1986-95 and 1996-2005 Sample and source

6.  The network database consists of authorship publications for forty years from 1966-2005  We start with a simple network framework: Social network is defined as a set of nodes and a set of lines.  Each publishing author is considered as a node and two authors are connected by a line if they have co-authored.  We assume that coauthorship relation is nondirectional Network Framework (Social Network of authors)

7. Results Journal 1966-751976-851986-951996-05 Total Papers1035137714571257 Single-authored.870.802.759.725 Two authors.103.150.193.212 Three authors.021.040.043.052 Four or more authors.004.006.004.011 Source: Krisha & Bino (2009)

8. 1966-751976-851986-951996-2005 Total authors889122313281246 Size of the network (Percentage) 244 (27.3) 437 (35.7) 496 (37.3) 626 (50.2) DegreeDistribution (%) 072.664.362.749.8 117.823.223.531.6 26.57.710.111.5 32.23.12.33.5 40.21.31.12.6 50.2 0.00.4 60.00.2 0.3 70.200.10.0 8 0 0.2 90.100.00.2 100.00 0.1 Source: Krishna & Bino (2009) Results

9. 1966-75 Sparse co-authorship network source: Krishna & Bino (2009)

10. Size of the Giant Component for the Period 1966-1975 Stage 1: Developing stage (low Cliqueshness) Average Distance 4.71 Source: Krishna & Bino (2010)

11. 1996-2005: More dense network, Source: Krishna & Bino (2009)

12. Size of the Giant Component for the Period 1996-2005 Stage of High Cliqueshness, more integrated, less number of structural holes, Source: Krishna & Bino (2009)

13. Questions? Why does the Indian network look different from the broader international network?

14. Share of Top Three Institutional Contributors to Indian Journals, 2005 Journals and Period Rank 1Rank 2Rank 3Total IER (1966-2005)Delhi School of Economics Institute of Economic Growth Indian Statistical Institute* 19.98 IEJ (1978-05)University of Bombay University of Delhi Delhi School of Economics 10.07 JQE (1986- 2005) Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research Reserve Bank of India Institute of Economic Growth, Monash U, U of California 12.26 IJAE (1964- 2005) Punjab Agricultural University Indian Agricultural Research Institute Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad 19.1 IESHR (1985- 2005) University of Delhi Delhi School of Economics Jawaharlal Nehru University 20.26 Source: Krishna & Bino (2009)

15. Magnitude of concentration in economic journals in India

16. Distribution of Paper by Number of Citation, 1996-2005 Source: Bino & Krishna (2010)

17. Author Distribution in EPW

24. Thank You