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History and Government

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1 History and Government
Southeast Asia

2 Early Empires The empires of Southeast Asia developed around strategic ports about 2,000 years ago. By the time of the Renaissance, the islands of Java and Sumatra had already enjoyed a 1,000-year heritage of advanced civilization spanning two major empires. During the 7th-14th centuries, the Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya flourished on Sumatra.

3 Beginning in 1602, the Dutch slowly established themselves as rulers of present-day Indonesia, exploiting the weakness of the small kingdoms. The only exception was East Timor, which remained under Portugal until During 300 years of Dutch rule, the Dutch developed the Netherlands East Indies into one of the world's richest colonial possessions.

4 During the first decade of the 20th century, an Indonesian independence movement began and expanded rapidly, particularly between the two World Wars. Its leaders came from a small group of young professionals and students, some of whom had been educated in the Netherlands. The Japanese occupied Indonesia for 3 years during World War II. On August 17, 1945, 3 days after the Japanese surrender to the Allies a small group of Indonesians proclaimed independence and established the Republic of Indonesia

5 Western Influences European countries and the United States wanted influence in the region in order to gain access to its natural resources. Western influences lasted until the 1900s. Portugal Spain Great Britain France United Empire Netherlands

6 Great Britain’s Influence
By the mid 1900s, Great Britain had established its influence in the following Southeast Asian countries: Brunei Myanmar Malaysia Singapore

7 French Influence France ruled present day Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos

8 Dutch and Spanish Influence
The Netherlands colonized the islands of Indonesia and Spain ruled the Philippines until they were later acquired by the United States after the Spanish-American War

9 Changes and Modernization
Westerners expanded tin mining and oil drilling. They also took over the farmland in order to establish large rice, coffee and rubber plantations. They used these resources to boost their own economies not the economies of Southeast Asia.

10 Independence and Conflict
During WWII, Japan forced the Western nations out of Southeast Asia as they attempted to establish a Japanese empire. After Japan’s defeat in 1945, western powers tried to regain control of the area but the Southeast Asians demanded their freedom.

11 Governments Today Three types of governments are represented in Southeast Asia: Republics- Indonesia, Singapore and Philippines Constitutional Monarchies: Brunei, Malaysia, Cambodia and Thailand\ Socialist Republics: Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar

12 Did You Know Bangkok, the capital of Thailand has over 300 Buddhist Temples

13 More Facts Cambodia has faced almost constant warfare since 1960.
Thailand is the only nation in Southeast Asia that has never been ruled by a Western power.

14 Physical Geography Vietnam is composed of two river deltas. The Mekong River delta is at the southern end of the country while the Hong (Red) River delta is at the Northern end.

15 Singapore Singapore consists of one main island and more than 50 offshore inlets. Most of Singapore lies near sea level.

16 Malaysia                                                                                                                                      The country of Malaysia lies partly on the Malay Peninsula and partly on the island of Borneo.

17 Laos Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. The Mekong River flows through Laos providing the people with their main means of transportation

18 Indonesia Indonesia consists of more than 13,600 islands. They lie along the equator and stretch for more than 3,000 miles

19 Philippines The Philippines consists of more than 7,000 islands. The 11 largest islands make up 95% of the country.

20 Population Patterns Most people in Cambodia and Laos live along the Mekong River About 65% of Brunei’s people live in urban areas. About 4/5ths of Thailand’s population live in rural areas.

21 More Population Facts Indonesia’s population is around 190 million making it the 4th most populated country in the world after China, India and the United States. Only about 900 of the 7,000 Philippine islands are inhabited About half of the Philippine population of 65 million live on the island of Luzon.

22 Natural Resources Brunei: natural gas, petroleum
Myanmar: 80% of the worlds teakwood, gemstones Thailand: rubber and tin, gemstones Cambodia: rice, gemstones Singapore: tourism Malaysia: rubber and palm oil

23 The End


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