1. Discussion 1 February 1, 2005

2. Succession of individual plant species In a prairie Level of Focus Micro organisms Mechanisms (emergent) Root Parasites Soil Bacteria Five Year Fire Regime Short, Small Long, Large Time, Space Constraints Bioregional Climate D. Cassidy

3. Interior Plateau Knobs Inner Bluegrass Outer Nashville Basin Outer Nashville Basin Landscape of Fayette County, KY Landscape of Fayette County, KY Spatial Scale Temporal Scale Processes & Characteristics Environmental Similarity of ecosystems Response to disturbance Weather patterns Type, quality and quantity of environmental resources Geology and Soil patterns Hydrology and Topography Economic Social Community infrastructure, land use planning, transportation, horse farm industry, population growth, university, recreation, value of stakeholders, conservation, historic value, microclimate Landscape Mosaic: Patches: lakes, parks, arboretum Corridors: roads, animal migration, streams/rivers Matrix: horse farms/agriculture, urban development C. Read

4. Marie Vicksta Species 2Species 1 Speciation Mutation Natural Mutation rate Introduced Toxins Increased UV radiation Selection pressures Morphology/Physiology Determines individual’s niche: where it can live, what it can ingest Lethal mutations Energy cost VS. Selection value Energy Budget Competition Resource partitioning Isolation

5. Aaron Megquier FOR565, Assignment #1 01.31.2005 Ecoregional landscape Individual Stand or Patch Goal: Develop quantifiable measures or indicators for biodiversity that can be measured across ecoregional landscapes. Composition: Species richness and abundance, proportion of native species. Structure: Standing dead trees, coarse woody debris, mixed-age stands, gap formation rates, non-channelized streams, Function: local colonization/extinction rates, NPP Spatial Scale 10 ha 10 8 ha Biome Factors supporting biodiversityPotential threats to biodiversity Road density, invasive species, isolation from other patches, habitat removal/simplification, edge effects, eutrophication of water bodies, Composition: Natural communities present, numbers of RTE species, representativeness of protected areas, extinction rate w/in NRV Structure: Perimeter:area ratio, patch size, riparian buffer strips, migratory routes, landscape connectivity, distribution of seral stages. Function: Large-scale disturbance frequency, nutrient cycling rates, guild persistence, ecological redundancy Composition: Rates of speciation Structure: Physiognomy of dominant vegetation types, geological landform, Function: Temperature and precipitation patterns, solar insolation levels Widespread persistent pollutants, broad patterns of land-use change, large hydrological modifications, loss of keystone species, fire suppression policy, habitat fragmentation, highly pathogenic invasive species Rapid changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, loss of dispersal vectors for species migration, massive land-cover conversion by humans Temporal scale is highly non-linear across the diagram and has been left out for this reason. Biodiversity gains at stand level support the ecoregion Ecoregional threats are realized at the stand level Climate and landform shape disturbance regime, species richness, community diversity Cumulative stress from lower levels may affect long-term viability of biome

6. Beta insect community / landscape Insect community / patch Insect species / Flower species Constraints Hierarchical Diagram Climate Migration Patch size, Distance between patches Floral resources: pollen, nectar Insect / flower morphology A. Bennett Objective: Compare insect communities between patches Constraints = Red Mechanisms = Green

7. Objective: To Determine How Black Bears are Distributed Across the Landscape Kirsten Kapp: Forest 565 Determined by biological and social processes: Climate, Soil type, Management History/Trends Regional Landscape Stand Gap LANDSCAPE: Forest Cover such as Spruce/Fir, Aspen/Birch, Northern Hardwood, Wetlands, Human Development, Agriculture Ideal habitat includes a diversity of forest types that contain hard mast, soft mast, water sources etc Presence in or use of a particular area (home range) within habitat is dependent on stand characteristics such as food quality and quantity, escape cover, thermal cover, proximity to homes (garbage), other bears, distance to agriculture, edge Bear Home Range At a finer scale, presence of fallen trees (den sites), large trees with furrowed bark (for escape/cubs), reproductive success of individual trees (acorn crop) determine temporal usable habitat Regional Black Bear Range Defined loosely as forested land Tree Acorn Crop Thermal Cover Den Site Temporal Spatial Escape

8. Objective: What policy mechanisms will motivate NIPF’s (non-industrial private forest owners) to manage across property boundaries? Institutions: Policy making bodies, governments (ex. laws) Private organizations or cooperatives Individual NIPF’s: Personal land objectives, ethics, beliefs Income from land, family influence Neighbors: Collective action Common objectives, trust, investment Ecosystem management R.Gass