1. Advanced Resource Sharing in the Cloud Eiji Kawai NICT

2. Cloud computing Goal – Cost effectiveness – Scale-out – Elasticity Methodology – Virtualization of every computing resource System elements (IaaS) – Ex: processor, memory, storage, network, … Middleware services (PaaS) – Ex: database, overlay communication, security, … Application services (SaaS) – Ex: e-mail, wordprocessor, accounting information system, … 2009/12/162AFICT2009

3. Sharing everything Benefit of cloud computing is derived from statistical multiplexing – Sharing computing resources among users, applications, and computing systems – Flexible resource sharing to maximize the statistical multiplexing is the key Storage sharing (virtualization) is a hot topic in data center networks – FC, iSCSI, FCoE, etc Next step: memory sharing in cloud – Memory price is dropping sharply Bound to hosts Virtualized CPU Memory Storage 2009/12/163AFICT2009

4. Three approaches to large scale memory sharing Virtual machine migration – Move a guest VM to a host with more free memory – Pro: Easy deployment – Con: High migration cost Remote memory mapping – Import memory of a remote host into the local virtual memory space – Pro: High manageability – Con: High deployment cost (no de facto implementation) Shared memory – Programming with memory sharing API – Pro: High flexibility (programmability) – Con: High implementation cost and low manageability 2009/12/164AFICT2009

5. Virtualization of virtual memory Our approach: mount remote memory as swap device – Physical memory is already virtualized in OS (VM: virtual memory) – Pro: High performance – Con: (straightforward) implementation in kernel VM layer is highly difficult Physical Memory VM Process Physical Memory TCP/IP VM Physical memory VM/FS Process ATA/SCSI Swap device Normal systemExtended system 2009/12/165AFICT2009

6. Leveraging LVM and iSCSI System configuration is highly flexible, thanks to modern LVM (logical volume management) mechanism – Dynamic attachment/detachment of remote memory linked to the memory usage iSCSI performance in high latency networks is well-studied – Distributed cloud environment Physical Memory VM/FS Process TCP/IP iSCSI LVM Physical Memory VM/FS TCP/IP iSCSI 2009/12/166AFICT2009

7. Performance: sequential access (read) 2.3X-3.3X faster 2009/12/167AFICT2009

8. Performance: random access (read) 17.0x-28.0x faster 2009/12/168AFICT2009

9. Summary Memory sharing is a forthcoming technology to be deployed in the cloud We proposed a low-cost memory sharing mechanism with LVM and iSCSI Future work – Engineering iSCSI performance over long distant networks (including JP-TH JGN2plus network!!) – Memory cluster management mechanisms 2009/12/169AFICT2009

10. Thank you 2009/12/1610AFICT2009