1. Globalization and Sustainability
CGW4U
Unit 1

2. Globalization
Trend toward greater interconnectedness of the world’s financial, economic, technological, political, cultural, sociological, ecological, and geographical systems

3. Financial Globalization
Interconnectedness of the world’s financial systems
Stock markets for example
Not network of nations, rather network of world cities with significant financial markets

4. Economic Globalization
Corporations becoming multinational
Coca Cola, Toyota, Ikea for example
Pro: efficiency and global wealth
Con: increase differences between haves and have nots transnational corporations become more powerful and influential

5. Technological Globalization
Growth of communications world wide
Use of cell phones and internet access
Wealthier countries progressing toward developing countries

6. Political Globalization
Adoption of uniform policies world wide
Refer back to Social and Economic perspectives
Trade agreements

7. Cultural Globalization
Harmonization of world’s cultures
Television, music, foods, values for example
Con: loss of cultural diversity, threat to religion, development of “American” culture

8. Ecological Globalization
Growing acceptance of treating planet as a single ecosystem rather than a collection of separate ecosystems
Montreal Protocol for Example
World nations treaty to combat ozone depletion

9. Sociological Globalization
Development of concept that we are all members of a single world society rather than distinct national and cultural societies
Common attitudes, standards of behaviour

10. Geographical Globalization
Relationship of network of world cities and surrounding regions rather than separate countries
Borderless

11. Issues with Globalization
Loss of unique cultures
Corporate profits before workers rights
Threat to religious beliefs and morality
Threat to contemporary culture
Complex issue.....

12. Case Study: Globalization and the Golden Arches
Read the case study on page 29
In pairs, answer the three questions
Be prepared to share your responses with your teacher

13. Case Study: Dubai Watch the National Geographic program on Dubai
made/3134/Overview#tab-Videos/02870_05
Make notes on the various ways that Dubai exemplifies globalization
Record specific examples to discuss after the program

14. Sustainability
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their own needs

15. Sustainability Issues
Dubai: water usage
Canada: Mountain Pine Beetle and Lodgepole Pines (p. 32)

16. Sustainability Perspectives
Expansionist World View
18th Century Europeans
Industrial Revolution → city jobs → loss of rural values → wealth = progress →unlimited natural resources in new land
Ecological World View
Late 18th Century reaction to environmental destruction resulting from Industrial revolution & colonial expansion
Emotional and spiritual relationships between humans and environment
National Parks
Environmentalism
Earth day, environmental awareness, scientific data

17. Current World Views Spaceship Earth Concept Gaia Hypothesis
Regards Earth as a fragile, finite self-contained sphere with limited resources and a rapidly growing population whose life-support system is in jeopardy, therefore, we must change the way we live as there is no where else to go...
Gaia Hypothesis
The world is self regulating, living entity made up of organisms that modify Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, climate, and crust to ensure their survival
The word Gaia comes from Greek Mythology – it is the name for the Greek goddess that personifies the Earth (the Greek version of Mother Earth)

18. Current World Views Limits-to-Growth Thesis Cornucopian Thesis
If the trend in population growth, economic development, resource use, and consumption continue, limits to human growth would be reached within 100 years
Cornucopian Thesis
Scientific and technological advances will develop new resources to take the place of depleted resources
Which view best represents your world view? Why? Write a paragraph explaining your stance.

19. Resources Total stock: Resource:
all the material components of the environment taken together
Includes energy, living organisms, and non-living materials
Resource:
Any of the total stock that becomes useful to human beings
Includes natural resources (water, air) , human made items (labour , technology), items appreciated for aesthetic qualities (landscapes, ecosystems)

20. Resources
In order for something in the total stock to become resource, the following must occur:
Technology must exist to develop the item for human use
Return on investment must be greater than cost of developing resource (eg. Oil sands in Alberta)
Must be culturally acceptable to develop the resource

21. Resources Renewable resource: Nonrenewable resource:
Nature replenishes them
Air, forests, water, solar energy
Nonrenewable resource:
Once reserve is used up it is gone

22. Sustainable Development
Maintenance of essential ecological processes
Sustainable use of resources
Preservation of genetic diversity