1. FRUITS, SEEDS & SEED DEVELOPMENT
Packet #73
Chapter #30

2. INTRODUCTION A fruit is a mature ovary
Monday, April 24, 2017
Figure Page 599
A fruit is a mature ovary
As the seed develop, the wall of the ovary thickens
The thickened wall becomes the pericarp.
As the ovary grows, the other flower parts whither away
Fruits protect the seeds and aid in dispersal.
Are they any vegetables that should be truly classified as fruits? Yes. What are some examples?

3. ADAPTATIONS IN FRUIT Figure 30.9 Page 599 Dandelions & Maple Trees
Monday, April 24, 2017
Figure Page 599
Dandelions & Maple Trees
Wind dispersal is observed
Fruits are described as kites or propellers.
Thistles & Grasses
Animal dispersal is observed
Fruits are described as hitchhickers or burrs.
Animal dispersal often provide resources such as fecal material that fertilize the young sporophyte plant.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS
Monday, April 24, 2017
Simple Fruits
Single ovary
Can be fleshy or dry
Cherry
Soy bean pod
Aggregate Fruits
Arise from a single flower with several carpels
Blackberry
Multiple Fruits
Arise from an inflorescence
Many flowers
As the walls of the many ovaries thicken, they fuse and become one fruit
Pineapple

5. Monday, April 24, 2017
THE SEED PART II
Chapter 38

6. STRUCTURE OF MATURE SEED
Monday, April 24, 2017
If a common bean seed, a eudicot, is opened, several structures are observed
Hypocotyl
Radicle
Epicotyl
Plumule
Seed coat
endosperm
Know the structure of the seed!

7. “EVOLUTIONARY” ADAPTATIONS TO SEED DORMANCY & GERMINATION
Monday, April 24, 2017
“EVOLUTIONARY” ADAPTATIONS TO SEED DORMANCY & GERMINATION
Chapter 38

8. INTRODUCTION I
Monday, April 24, 2017
As the seed matures, it dehydrates until only about 5 – 15% of its weight is water
Enters dormancy
Period of extremely low metabolic rate and suspended growth and development
Increases the chance that germination will occur at a favorable time
Species dependent environmental cues break dormancy
Fire; light; water; temperature; digestion through animal’s gut
Sexual reproduction produces seeds with dispersal and dormancy abilities.

9. Monday, April 24, 2017
SEED GERMINATION

10. GERMINATION I Water HAS to be absorbed
Monday, April 24, 2017
Water HAS to be absorbed
Causes the seed to swell and rupture seed coat
Triggers metabolic changes in the embryo promoting growth
Radicle (embryonic root) emerges first from the germination seedlings
Hypocotyl pushes way up through the soil
Protecting fragile shoot apex and large cotyledons
Epicotyl spreads “true leaves” and begin photosynthesis

11. GERMINATION II Cotyledons “seed leaves” whither away.
Monday, April 24, 2017
Cotyledons “seed leaves” whither away.
Seedling is vulnerable to many hazards and only a small number survive.

12. REVIEW

13. REVIEW
Students
List potential examination questions and/or here, and on following slides, based on the packet.