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Chapter
Chapter Resources 11
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physicspp.com
Chapter Summary
Image Bank
Chapter Assessment Questions
Transparencies
Standardized Test Practice
Video Clips
and Animations

2. Chapter
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3. Chapter
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4. Analyzing the Energy of a Bouncing Basketball
Chapter
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Analyzing the Energy of a Bouncing Basketball

5. Chapter
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Money Model

6. Throwing or Catching a Ball
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Throwing or Catching a Ball

7. Amount of Money in Various Forms
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Amount of Money in Various Forms

8. Gravitational Potential Energy
Chapter
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Gravitational Potential Energy

9. Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy of a System
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Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy of a System

10. The Gravitational Potential Energy of the Bowling Ball
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The Gravitational Potential Energy of the Bowling Ball

11. Arrow Moving Through the Air
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Arrow Moving Through the Air

12. Pole-vaulter Bending the Pole
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Pole-vaulter Bending the Pole

13. System Consisting of a 10.0-N Ball and Earth
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System Consisting of a 10.0-N Ball and Earth

14. A Ball Rolling Down a Ramp
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A Ball Rolling Down a Ramp

15. Graph of the Changing Potential and Kinetic Energies of
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Graph of the Changing Potential and Kinetic Energies of
a Pendulum

16. Chapter
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Energy Bar Graphs

17. Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Chapter
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Conservation of Mechanical Energy

18. Case 1: Two Objects Moving Apart in Opposite Directions
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Case 1: Two Objects Moving Apart in Opposite Directions

19. Chapter
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Case 2: Moving Object Coming to Rest and the Stationary Object Beginning to Move and Case 3: Two Objects Sticking Together and Moving As One

20. Three Kinds of Collisions
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Three Kinds of Collisions

21. Chapter
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Kinetic Energy

22. A Bullet Going Through a Motionless Wooden Block
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A Bullet Going Through a Motionless Wooden Block

23. A Child Sliding Down a Playground Slide
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A Child Sliding Down a Playground Slide

24. Two Sections of Grooved Track Placed Together
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Two Sections of Grooved Track Placed Together

25. Chapter
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The Support Block Moved so That It Is Under the Midsection of the Inclined Track

26. Image Bank 11 The Support Block Moved to a Point about Three-quarters
Chapter
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The Support Block Moved to a Point about Three-quarters
down the Length of the Inclined Track

27. Chapter
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Running Smarter

28. Chapter Assessment (Q. 50)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 50)

29. Chapter Assessment (Q. 60)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 60)

30. Chapter Assessment (Q. 69)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 69)

31. Chapter Assessment (Q. 71)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 71)

32. Chapter Assessment (Q. 74)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 74)

33. Chapter Assessment (Q. 78)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 78)

34. Chapter Assessment (Q. 91)
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Chapter Assessment (Q. 91)

35. Standardized Test Practice (Q. 2)
Chapter
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Standardized Test Practice (Q. 2)

36. Standardized Test Practice (Q. 7)
Chapter
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Standardized Test Practice (Q. 7)

37. Chapter
Transparencies 11

38. Chapter
Transparencies 11
Transparency 11-1

39. Chapter
Transparencies 11
Transparency 11-2

40. Chapter
Transparencies 11
Transparency 11-4

41. Video Clips and Animations
Chapter
Video Clips and Animations 11
Throwing a Ball

42. Video Clips and Animations
Chapter
Video Clips and Animations 11
Catching a Ball

43. Video Clips and Animations
Chapter
Video Clips and Animations 11
Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy of a System (1)

44. Video Clips and Animations
Chapter
Video Clips and Animations 11
Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy of a System (2)

45. Video Clips and Animations Gravitational Potential Energy
Chapter
Video Clips and Animations 11
Gravitational Potential Energy
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46. Video Clips and Animations
Chapter
Video Clips and Animations 11
Skiing

47. Video Clips and Animations
Chapter
Video Clips and Animations 11
Pendulums

48. Video Clips and Animations Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Chapter
Video Clips and Animations 11
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
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49. Chapter Summary 11.1 The Many Forms of Energy
Section
Chapter Summary
11.1
The Many Forms of Energy
The kinetic energy of an object is proportional to its mass and the square of its velocity.
The rotational kinetic energy of an object is proportional to the object’s moment of inertia and the square of its angular velocity.
When the Earth is included in a system, the work done by gravity is replaced by gravitational potential energy.

50. Chapter Summary 11.1 The Many Forms of Energy
Section
Chapter Summary
11.1
The Many Forms of Energy
The gravitational potential energy of an object depends on the object’s weight and its distance from Earth’s surface.
The reference level is the position where the gravitational potential energy is defined to be zero.
Elastic potential energy may be stored in an object as a result of its change in shape.

51. Chapter Summary 11.1 The Many Forms of Energy
Section
Chapter Summary
11.1
The Many Forms of Energy
Albert Einstein recognized that mass itself has potential energy. This energy is called rest energy.

52. Chapter Summary 11.2 Conservation of Energy
Section
Chapter Summary
11.2
Conservation of Energy
The sum of kinetic and potential energy is called mechanical energy.
If no objects enter or leave a system, the system is considered to be a closed system.
If there are no external forces acting on a system, the system is considered to be an isolated system.

53. Chapter Summary 11.2 Conservation of Energy
Section
Chapter Summary
11.2
Conservation of Energy
The total energy of a closed, isolated system is constant. Within the system, energy can change form, but the total amount of energy does not change. Thus, energy is conserved.

54. Chapter Summary 11.2 Conservation of Energy
Section
Chapter Summary
11.2
Conservation of Energy
The type of collision in which the kinetic energy after the collision is less than the kinetic energy before the collision is called an inelastic collision.
The type of collision in which the kinetic energy before and after the collision is the same is called an elastic collision.
Momentum is conserved in collisions if the external force is zero. The mechanical energy may be unchanged or decreased by the collision, depending on whether the collision is elastic or inelastic.

55. Chapter Assessment Questions11
Question 1
A car and a train are moving with the same velocity. Which of the following statements about their kinetic energy is true?
Neither the car nor the train possesses kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy of the car is greater than that of the train.
Kinetic energy of the train is greater than that of the car.
Both the car and the train are running with the same kinetic energy.

56. Chapter Assessment Questions11
Answer 1
Answer: C
Reason: Kinetic energy of an object is half times the product of its mass and the square of its velocity.
Kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass. As the velocity of the car and the train are the same, the train will have greater kinetic energy since it has greater mass.

57. Chapter Assessment Questions11
Question 2
When an arrow is thrown by hand, its speed is less than the speed when it is shot using a bow. Explain why.

58. Chapter Assessment Questions11
Answer 2
When the string of a bow is pulled, work is done on the bow. Hence, the elastic potential energy is stored in the string of this bow. Before the string is released, the energy is all potential. As the string is released, the energy is transferred to the arrow as kinetic energy. Hence, when the arrow is shot using a bow, more energy is supplied to the system than when the arrow is thrown by hand. Hence, the speed of the arrow is less when it is thrown by hand.

59. Chapter Assessment Questions11
Question 3
If a car is moving in the backward direction, what can we say about its kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is negative as it is moving in the backward direction.
Kinetic energy is positive.
The car does not possess kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy of the car gets stored as gravitational potential energy.

60. Chapter Assessment Questions11
Answer 3
Answer: B
Reason: Kinetic energy of an object is half the product of its mass and the square of its velocity.
Kinetic energy is proportional to the square of velocity. Since the square of any number is always positive, kinetic energy is always positive.

61. Chapter Assessment Questions11
Question 4
A clock consists of an hour’s hand, a minute’s hand, and a second’s hand all of equal masses. Which of the following statements is true?
Kinetic energy of the hour’s hand is greater than that of the minute’s hand and the second’s hand.
Kinetic energy of the minute’s hand is greater than that of the hour’s hand and the second’s hand.
Kinetic energy of the second’s hand is greater than that of the hour’s hand and the minute’s hand.
All the hands are moving with equal kinetic energy.

62. Chapter Assessment Questions11
Answer 4
Answer: C
Reason: Kinetic energy of an object is half times the product of its mass and square of its velocity.
Kinetic energy is directly proportional to velocity (speed). Since the speed of the second’s hand is greater than the speed of the hour’s hand and the minute’s hand and also since the masses of all the hands are same, the kinetic energy of the second’s hand is greater than that of the hour’s hand and the minute’s hand.

63. Chapter Assessment Questions11
Question 5
A ball is thrown vertically upward in air. Which of the following statements is true?
Kinetic energy of the ball goes on increasing.
Kinetic energy of the ball goes on decreasing.
The ball does not possess kinetic energy at all.
Gravitational potential energy of the ball goes on decreasing.

64. Chapter Assessment Questions11
Answer 5
Answer: B
Reason: As the ball is thrown up in the air, gravity does negative work, slowing the ball to a stop. On the way up, as the ball slows down, energy changes from kinetic energy to potential energy. Therefore, the initial kinetic energy with which the ball is thrown goes on decreasing as it gets converted into potential energy.

65. Chapter Assessment Questions11
Question 6
A spring-loaded toy car is kept on the floor after compressing the spring. What form of energy does the toy car use to move?
Stored gravitational potential energy
Stored kinetic energy
Linear kinetic energy
Stored elastic potential energy

66. Chapter Assessment Questions11
Answer 6
Answer: D
Reason: When a spring is compressed or stretched, or an object is bent, energy is stored as elastic potential energy. Hence, since the spring of the toy car is compressed, energy is stored as elastic potential energy. The toy car uses this stored elastic potential energy to move. As the toy car moves, the elastic potential energy gets converted into other forms of energy such as linear or rotational kinetic energy.

67. Standardized Test Practice
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice 11
Multiple Choice
A bicyclist increases her speed from 4.0 m/s to 6.0 m/s. The combined mass of the bicyclist is 55 kg. How much work did the bicyclist do in increasing her speed?
11 J
28 J
55 J
550 J

68. Standardized Test Practice
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice 11
Multiple Choice
The illustration shows a ball swinging freely in a plane. The mass of the ball is 4.0 kg. Ignoring friction, what is the maximum kinetic energy of the ball as it swings back and forth?
0.14 m/s
21 m/s
7.0 m/s
49 m/s

69. Standardized Test Practice
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice 11
Multiple Choice
You lift a 4.5-kg box from the floor and place it on a shelf that is 1.5 m above the ground. How much energy did you use in lifting the box?
9.0 J
49 J
11 J
88 J

70. Standardized Test Practice
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice 11
Multiple Choice
You drop a 6.0×10−2 −kg ball from a height of 1.0 m above a hard, flat surface. The ball strikes the surface and loses 0.14 J of its energy. It then bounces back upward. How much kinetic energy does the ball have just after it bounces off the flat surface?
0.20 J
0.59 J
0.45 J
0.73 J

71. Standardized Test Practice
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice 11
Multiple Choice
You move a 2.5-kg book from a shelf that is 1.2 m above the ground to a shelf that is 2.6 m above the ground. What is the change in the book’s potential energy?
1.4 J
25 J
3.5 J
34 J

72. Standardized Test Practice
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice 11
Multiple Choice
A ball of mass m rolls along a flat surface with a speed of v1. It strikes a padded wall and bounces back in the opposite direction. The energy of the ball after striking the wall is half its initial energy. Ignoring friction, which of the following expressions gives the ball’s new speed as a function of its initial speed?
A. C.
B. D.

73. Standardized Test Practice
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice 11
Multiple Choice
The illustration to the right shows a ball on a curved track. The ball starts with zero velocity at the top of the track. It then rolls from the top of the track to the horizontal part at the ground. Ignoring friction, its velocity just at the moment it reaches the ground is 14 m/s. What is the height, h, from the ground to the top of the track?
7 m
14 m
10 m
20 m

74. Standardized Test Practice
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice 11
Extended Answer
A box sits on a platform supported by a compressed spring. The box has a mass of 1.0 kg. When the spring is released, it gives 4.9 J of energy to the box, and the box flies upward. What will be the maximum height above the platform reached by the box before it begins to fall?

75. Standardized Test Practice
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice 11
Test-Taking Tip
Use the Process of Elimination
On any multiple-choice test, there are two ways to find the correct answer to each question. Either you can choose the right answer immediately or you can eliminate the answers that you know are wrong.

76. End of Chapter Resource File
Chapter Resources 11
End of Chapter Resource File