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COLD WAR 1945 - 1989. Term: Cold War - refers to a state of political hostility between 2 nations (threats, propaganda, spying…) short of armed conflict.

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Presentation on theme: "COLD WAR 1945 - 1989. Term: Cold War - refers to a state of political hostility between 2 nations (threats, propaganda, spying…) short of armed conflict."— Presentation transcript:

1 COLD WAR 1945 - 1989

2 Term: Cold War - refers to a state of political hostility between 2 nations (threats, propaganda, spying…) short of armed conflict

3 Contributing Events Tensions between Russia/USSR and Britain and the US go back to the mid 1800’s. However… 1917 (Russian Revolution) USSR becomes the 1st communist nation. Its challenge to capitalism antagonized the West. US supported the White Army (Czar) in the Russian Civil War Russia's withdrew from World War I after Revolution. US didn’t recognize the USSR as a legit. Nation until The British appeasement of Germany German-Soviet Non-aggression Pact

4 Contributing Events Cont’d WWII - USSR believes the Western Allies are letting the Russians take the brunt of the Nazi offensive Disagreements about the post war plans US/UK want open markets, interdependence and international peace agreements (UN) USSR wants peace through space = territory

5 Yalta Conference ~ Feb. 1945 US, UK, USSR (Big Three) meet at Yalta, USSR to create post war plans Agreed: to basic tenants of the future UN That the USSR would enter the Pacific war at the end of the European war

6 Yalta Cont’d Didn’t agree: Post war Poland US wanted democratic gov’t in power USSR wanted pro communist gov’t in power - Reparations from Germany - US didn’t want them. - Stalin did - and to dismantle the nation ~ Did agree to divide Germany into 4 zones (US, UK, France, USSR) inc. Berlin. ~ Yalta agreement was so vague, both sides thought they’d won.

7 Potsdam Conference ~ July - August 1945 US, UK, USSR Agree: To redraw the Polish border (USSR gets more territory Agree that Western spheres of Germany will not pay reparations to USSR No one really gets what they want…

8 The China Issue Chiang Kai-shek (leader of China) Generally on good terms with West Led corrupt gov’t, little control Since 1927 - Communist/Nationalist conflict Paused for WWII Back on… 1945 - Mao takes advantage of weak national gov’t US pumps $ to Nationalists Doesn’t work - Mao takes China (10-1-49) US restoring Japan as a means of gaining a western ally

9 Truman Doctrine Post WWII economic/political unity was lost New policy of “containment” est. Contain “Russian expansive tendencies” (US diplomat, G. Keenan). Known as the Truman Doctrine - policy to aide all nations/factions who were anti-communist.

10 Marshall Plan Integral part of containment = rebuild Europe Needed economic ties to Europe Access to markets Fear it would be a $ drain if not restored Weak economies would lead to stronger communist ties Marshall Plan ( George C. Marshall - Sec. of State) Announced plan to rebuild 16 Western European nations took part Over 3 years - US sent $12 billion in aide Industrial production rose 64% Membership in communist parties dropped Ties with US trade established

11 US Mobilizes for the new war… With a new enemy… passed the National Security Act Renewed the draft and Selective Service Redesigned military to create a Dept. of Defense Created CIA and NSC Invested heavily in atomic research/weapons

12 Dividing Berlin June, 1948 - US, UK, France agreed to merge three zones of German territory (including their sections of Berlin even though it is in USSR territory) Stalin responds by creating a blockade around western Berlin 10 months the US airlifts food, fuel etc… to prove it would fight communism 1949 - Stalin lifts blockade Germany (and Berlin) officially divided - Oct. ‘49

13 NATO and Warsaw Pact North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Division of Berlin alarmed West 12 nations signed NATO agreement (April ‘49) If you attack one, you attack all NATO nations would maintain a standing force in Europe Prompted USSR to create a similar alliance with communist gov’ts in Eastern Europe = Warsaw Pact, 1955

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