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1 Contraception and antifertility Renata Vesela renata.vesela@pharm.gu.se
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Methods: Hormonal Natural methods Barrier methods Chemical methods Intrauterine device (IUD) Sterilization Condom
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Hormonal Three main mechanisms of action: 1. inhibition of ovulation 2. thickening of cervical mucus 3. an alteration of the endometrium Progestins (gestoden, desogestrel,…) and estrogens (ethinylestradiol or mestranol) Mono-phase Combined
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Hormonal Effects of progestin: Inhibition of ovulation by suppressing luteinizing hormone (LH) Thickening of cervical mucus, thus hampering the transport of sperm Possible inhibition of sperm capacitation Effects of estrogen: Alteration of secretions and cellular structures of the endometrium within the uterus
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Hormonal- types: Oral Monthly injection Transdermal patch Vaginal ring (the hormones are absorbed by the vagina)
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Hormonal- progestin only Oral: Mini-pill, exact same time of pill administration required Injection: Emergency contraception (morning “after” pill)- usually progestin only, but can be also a combination
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Natural methods Intermittent intercourse Counting of fertile and infertile days Control of the mucus Method of sexual abstinence Measuring of basal temperature
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Barrier methods Vaginal diaphragm Cervical cap
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Chemical methods Spermicide gels, creams and foams Mechanism: inserted into a woman's vagina to kill or disable sperm thus preventing a sperm from fertilizing an egg
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Intrauterine device (IUD) Mechanism of action: two types: a copper IUD progestin-impregnated progestin intrauterine system (IUS) have multiple mechanisms of action that provide for contraceptive protection Both IUDs can alter the uterine lining so that it becomes unfavorable for implantation Release of copper ions- alters fluid in the uterine cavity in a manner that impairs the viability of sperm, thereby inhibiting fertilization. This mechanism may be responsible for the high efficacy of copper IUDs as emergency contraception.
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Intrauterine device (IUD)
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Female sterilization
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Male sterilization
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Condoms Usually made from latex Protection against Sexually Transmitted Diseases(STDs)!!! Protection against Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)!!!
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Thank you for your attention Pictures adapted from: http://www.google.se/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/sex/commo n/ibank/ibank/0117.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/sex/common/i bank/set-6.htm&usg=__EClGEzM73xP3fSc- 0rIo8vdXxic=&h=480&w=640&sz=86&hl=sv&start=5&itbs=1&tbnid=a0aI3AdHdKS ReM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvaginal%2Bdiaphragm%26hl %3Dsv%26sa%3DG%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1
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