1. Daily Warm up Only 25% of the world is left handed?
What two things must happen for diffusion to occur?
Define these three words: Isotonic solution, Hypotonic, Hypertonic. (where is there more water in each scenario)
Does Diffusion need energy? Why or why not?
What are the four things the cell membrane is made out of?
True and False
Only 25% of the world is left handed?
Each square inch of human skin consists of twenty feet of blood vessels.

2. 2/14/10 after the notes
On the membrane structure worksheet you received FIRST color the following structures appropriately:
The part that is Hydrophilic= BLUE
The part that is Hydrophobic= RED
The proteins= ORANGE
Add some cholestrol and color that BROWN
Add Carbohydrates = Yellow
Then follow the directions to cut and create the cell membrane

3. 2/15/11 Warm up
If a cell has 15% solute outside the cell and 25% inside which direction does water move and what type of osmosis is it?
If a cell has 15% solute outside the cell and 5% inside the cell which direction does water move and what type of osmosis is it?
What is active transport?
What is facilitated diffusion?
T/F An average person releases 17oz of gas a day between burping and flatulents (farting)

4. Warm up
Finish the Cell transport Worksheet if you have not done so.
Make a list of a MINIMUM of 5 questions of things you are confused about, want more practice on or just want to review.

5. (Thurs) Warm up
Take the first 8 minutes to study/review for your Test!
IF IT IS LOUD- I assume you know it and we start the test!

6. Daily Warm up 1. Define Osmosis?
2. What happens to a cell that is hypotonic? What about hypertonic?
3. Does diffusion require energy?
4. What two things must happen in order for diffusion to occur?
5. What are the four things the cell membrane is made up of?
6. T/F The average adult has 5 Liters of blood in their body?

7. Grab your cups and re-measure and weigh both potatoes.
AFTER The warm up:
Grab your cups and re-measure and weigh both potatoes.
Make one more row on the bottom of your data sheet and record your info.
FINISH ALL the questions and observations in the lab- INCLUDING the graph. There is graph paper by the printer.
Write a paragraph that must include:
Summary of what you did.
What were the conclusions? Did you prove your hypothesis or was it wrong? Why?
Were there any problems in the lab that may have messed up your data? (Source of error)
What could you have done differently to fix the problems and make the lab more smooth next time.

8. Movement through Cell Membranes-
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Movement through Cell Membranes-
A Flexible membrane and the Gateway to the Cell
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

9. Cell Membrane controls Homeostasis
The Plasma Membrane
Cell Membrane controls Homeostasis
4/24/2017
It balances the inside and outside of the cell.
Homeostasis is maintained by plasma membrane controlling what enters & leaves the cell
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

10. Structure of the Cell Membrane
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Structure of the Cell Membrane
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

11. Membrane Components Phospholipids Cholesterol Proteins
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Proteins
Carbohydrates (glucose)
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

12. Carbohydrate chain Phospholipid bilayer Protein channel
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Carbohydrate chain
Phospholipid bilayer
Protein channel
LABEL THE STRUCTURES
cholesterol
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

13. Phospholipids Make up the cell membrane
The Plasma Membrane
Phospholipids
4/24/2017
Make up the cell membrane
Contains 2 fatty acid chains called the tails
Contains one glycerol called the head.
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

14. Cell Membrane Heads are hydrophilic “water loving”
The Plasma Membrane
Cell Membrane
4/24/2017
Heads are hydrophilic “water loving”
Tails are hydrophobic “water fearing”
Makes membrane “Selective” in what crosses
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

15. Cell Membrane Hydrophobic molecules pass easily; hydrophilic DO NOT
The Plasma Membrane
Cell Membrane
4/24/2017
The cell membrane is made of 2 layers of phospholipids called the lipid bilayer
Hydrophobic molecules pass easily; hydrophilic DO NOT
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

16. Semipermeable Membrane
The Plasma Membrane
Semipermeable Membrane
4/24/2017
Small molecules and larger hydrophobic molecules move through easily.
e.g. O2, CO2, H2O
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

17. Semipermeable Membrane
The Plasma Membrane
Semipermeable Membrane
4/24/2017
Ions, hydrophilic molecules larger than water, and large molecules such as proteins do not move through the membrane on their own.
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

18. Types of Transport Across Cell Membranes
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Types of Transport Across Cell Membranes
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

19. Simple Diffusion Requires NO energy
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Simple Diffusion
Requires NO energy
Molecules move from area of HIGH to LOW concentration
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

20. Diffusion
Two things need to happen in a cell in order for diffusion to occur… what are they?
Cell membrane must be permeable to that substance.
There must be a concentration gradient (needs to be higher in one area and move to lower area)

21. The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
DIFFUSION
Diffusion is a PASSIVE process which means no energy is used to make the molecules move, they have a natural ENERGY
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

22. STOP POINT: Diffusion of Food Coloring Demonstration.
EVERYONE Take out a piece of paper (# 1-3).
Have someone at your table put in 4 drops of the food coloring I bring around.
Answer these questions- without talking:
What happened when the food coloring was added?
What did the water look like before the color was added, while it was being added and once it was finished?
How did the water end up turning red? (tell me what the molecules were doing).

23. Sugar Cube Diffusion
Answer the three questions as you watch the sugar cube in the next cup of water.
What happened when the sugar cube was added?
What did the water look like before the sugar was added, while it was being added and once it was finished?
Explain to me the process of diffusion and how this was an example?

24. Diffusion of Liquids The Plasma Membrane 4/24/2017
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

25. Sugar Cube Diffusion

26. Diffusion through a Membrane
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Solute moves DOWN concentration gradient (HIGH to LOW)
Cell membrane
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

27. Osmosis Diffusion of water across a membrane
Moves from HIGH water potential (low solute) to LOW water potential (high solute)

28. Diffusion of H2O Across A Membrane (Osmosis)
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
1. The left side concentration is what?
High H2O potential Low solute concentration
2.The right side concentration is what?
Low H2O potential High solute concentration
So which way does water move?
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

29. 3 Types of Osmosis:
Isotonic Solutions: the solute and water concentration is the same inside the cell as it is outside the cell
Hypertonic Solutions: Higher concentration outside the cell than inside the cell.
Hypotonic Solutions: Higher concentration inside the cell than outside the cell.

30. Cell in Isotonic Solution
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
What is the direction of water movement?
equilibrium
The cell is in _______________.
CELL
10% NaCL 90% H2O
10% NaCL
90% H2O
ENVIRONMENT
NO NET MOVEMENT
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

31. Cell in Hypotonic Solution
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
What is the direction of water movement?
Water moves into the cell
CELL
10% NaCL 90% H2O
20% NaCL
80% H2O
H2O
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

32. Cell in Hypertonic Solution
The Plasma Membrane
Cell in Hypertonic Solution
4/24/2017
What is the direction of water movement?
Water moves out of the cell.
CELL
15% NaCL 85% H2O
5% NaCL
95% H2O
ENVIRONMENT
H2O
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

33. Cells in Solutions The Plasma Membrane 4/24/2017
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

34. NO NET MOVEMENT OF H2O (equal amounts entering & leaving)
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Isotonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
NO NET MOVEMENT OF H2O (equal amounts entering & leaving)
Water enters cell- can cause it to burst
Water leaves cell until it “deflates”
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

35. What will happen? The Plasma Membrane 4/24/2017
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

36. How does this relate to Anatomy?
Discuss at your table this question and appoint someone to share your answer:
What would happen to your blood cells if the fluid surrounding them had too much salt?

37. Osmosis in Red Blood Cells
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Osmosis in Red Blood Cells
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

38. What Happens to Blood Cells?

39. isotonic hypotonic hypertonic hypertonic isotonic hypotonic
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
isotonic
hypotonic
hypertonic
hypertonic
isotonic
hypotonic
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

40. STOP POINT: OSMOSIS ACTIVITY LAB
At your lab tables you are working in groups of 2 or 3. Each lab table should be divided into 2 groups.
WAIT FOR MY DIRECTIONS!
Send one person from your group to the materials table to receive your materials.
WAIT for FURTHER DIRECTIONS.

41. 3 Types of Transport: Simple Diffusion (also includes osmosis)
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport

42. Passive Transport vs. Active Transport
Passive means: it DOES NOT require energy.
Active means: it DOES require energy.
Which type(s) are passive?
Which type(s) are active?

43. Three Forms of Transport Across the Membrane
The Plasma Membrane
Three Forms of Transport Across the Membrane
4/24/2017
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

44. Facilitated diffusion
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Passive Transport
Facilitated diffusion
Doesn’t require energy
Uses transport proteins to move high to low concentration
Examples: Glucose or amino acids moving from blood into a cell.
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

45. 2 Types of Transport Proteins
The Plasma Membrane
2 Types of Transport Proteins
4/24/2017
In Facilitated Diffusion- the molecules are too big and need “help” or to be facilitated across.
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

46. Facilitated Diffusion
The Plasma Membrane
Facilitated Diffusion
4/24/2017
1. Channel proteins are embedded in the cell membrane & have a pore for materials to cross
copyright cmassengale
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

47. Facilitated Diffusion
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Facilitated Diffusion
2.Carrier proteins can change shape to move material from one side of the membrane to the other
They bond and drag molecules through the lipid bilayer and release them on the opposite side.
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

48. The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Carrier Proteins
Carrier proteins change shape to move materials across the cell membrane
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

49. Active Transport Requires energy or ATP
The Plasma Membrane
Active Transport
4/24/2017
Requires energy or ATP
Moves materials from LOW to HIGH concentration
AGAINST concentration gradient
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

50. Active transport
The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Examples: Any Ions: Pumping Na+ (sodium ions) out and K+ (potassium ions) in.
This happens in your Nervous System!
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

51. The Plasma Membrane
Moving the “Big Stuff”
4/24/2017
Large molecules move materials into the cell by one of TWO forms of ENDOCYTOSIS.
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

52. Pinocytosis Takes in dissolved molecules as a vesicle.
The Plasma Membrane
Pinocytosis
4/24/2017
Takes in dissolved molecules as a vesicle.
Sometimes called “Cell Drinking”
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

53. The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Pinocytosis
Called cell drinking because once in the cell materials dissolve in water to be used by the cell
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

54. Endocytosis – Phagocytosis
The Plasma Membrane
Endocytosis – Phagocytosis
4/24/2017
Used to engulf large particles such as food, bacteria, etc. into vesicles
Called “Cell Eating”
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

55. The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Phagocytosis - Capture of a Yeast Cell (yellow) by Membrane Extensions of an Immune System Cell (blue)
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

56. Moving the “Big Stuff” Exocytosis
The Plasma Membrane
Moving the “Big Stuff”
4/24/2017
Molecules are moved out of the cell by vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
This is how many hormones are secreted and how nerve cells communicate with one another.
Exocytosis
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

57. The Plasma Membrane
Exocytosis
4/24/2017
Exocytic vesicle immediately after fusion with plasma membrane.
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

58. The Plasma Membrane
4/24/2017
Exocytosis The opposite of endocytosis is exocytosis. Large molecules that are manufactured in the cell are released through the cell membrane.
Inside Cell
Cell environment
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

59. The Plasma Membrane
REVIEW QUESTIONS
4/24/2017
How does osmosis or Diffusion play a role in the human body?
What is the main difference between Passive transport and Active transport?
What is endocytosis and exocytosis?
What happens if a red blood cell is in a hypertonic solution? Hypotonic? Isotonic?
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010