1. Normal Immune Function Summary Animations Nicole L. Draper, MD

2. Normal Immune Response Intracellular Infection Infection Lung Cell IV MHC I TCR CD8 Cytotoxic T-cell Perforins Granzymes Cytokines Self antigen No matching TCR IV: intracellular virus

3. Normal Immune Response Extracellular Infection Part 1 Infection Lung Cell B TCR CD4 Helper T-cell Cytokines B MHC II B Macrophage/ APC CD80 CD86 CD28 CTLA-4 MB Lectin or Alternative Complement Pathways Toll-like receptor B: bacteria

4. >-- Normal Immune Response Extracellular Infection Part 2 Lung Cell TCR CD4 Activated Helper T-cell B MHC II B Naïve B-Cell CD80 CD86 CD28 CTLA-4 Classical Complement Pathway Cytokines IL-4 CD40L CD40 >-- IgM IgG Plasma Cell >-- Macrophage

5. Question Which of the following statements about the recognition receptors on macrophages, such as Toll like receptors, is correct? A.Each clone of macrophages express a unique set of receptors that differs in antigen specificity from those receptors on all other clones of macrophages. B.Variability is produced by somatic recombination of gene segments. C.They function to neutralize microbes, but do not initiate signal transduction pathways that activate other immune cells. D.They recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns, such as viral nucleic acids and bacterial cell wall constituents.

6. Question Opsonins facilitate efficient phagocytosis of microbes by neutrophils and macrophages. All of the following molecules are opsonins EXCEPT: A.C3b B.C5a C.IgG D.Mannose binding lectin (MBL)

7. Question A 23-year-old woman is living with a family in Mexico that has not been vaccinated and she is exposed to measles. This woman received a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) at 15 months of age. She does not become infected with measles. Which of the following properties of the adaptive immune system is best illustrated by this scenario? A.Diversity B.Memory C.Self-tolerance D.Specialization

8. Question According to the clonal selection hypothesis of adaptive immunity, which of the following is correct? A.Antigen binding to a lymphocyte receptor selects that lymphocyte to die. B.Clones of lymphocytes specific for antigens develop prior to exposure to the antigens. C.Each clone of lymphocytes express receptors for many different antigens. D.Lymphocyte receptor specificity is determined by exposure to an antigen.

9. Question A previously healthy 8-year-old boy is infected with an upper respiratory tract virus for the first time. During the first few hours of infection, which one of the following events occurs? A.B and T lymphocytes recognize the virus and stimulate the innate immune response. B.Passive immunity mediated by maternal antibodies limits the spread of infection. C.The adaptive immune system responds rapidly to the virus and keeps the viral infection under control. D.The innate immune system responds rapidly to the viral infection and keeps the viral infection under control.

10. Question A 5-year-old boy with recurrent infections is discovered to have a genetic defect that impairs B cell maturation. Which of the following abnormalities is most likely to be found in this patient? A.Absence of follicles in lymph nodes and spleen B.Diminished parafollicular zones in lymph nodes C.Hypocellular bone marrow D.Small thymus

11. Question A standard treatment of animal bite victims that may have been exposed to rabies is administration of anti- rabies immunoglobulin preparations. Which type of immunity would be established by this treatment? A.Active cell-mediated immunity B.Active humoral immunity C.Passive cell-mediated immunity D.Passive humoral immunity