1. LAGUNA Large Apparatus for Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics Launch meeting, Heidelberg, March 2007, Lothar Oberauer, TUM

2. Why ? Neutrinos oscillations => New Particle Physics Main line besides future accelerator experiments Baryon number violation ? => Nucleon decay (Search for Proton Decay) Baryon asymmetry  Leptogenesis ?    CP violation in leptonic sector ? (Long Baseline Neutrino Experiments)

3. Astrophysics New Neutrino Observatories wanted Neutrinos as probes Study of gravitational collapse (Supernova Neutrinos) Study of star formation in the early universe (Diffuse Supernovae Neutrinos Background) Precision study of thermonuclear fusion processes (Solar Neutrinos) Test of geophysical models (Geoneutrinos)

10. LENA Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy Diffuse Supernovae Neutrino Background Supernova Neutrinos Solar Neutrinos Geoneutrinos Proton Decay

11. LENA: Diffuse SN Background e + p -> e + + n ~25% of events are due to v’s originating from SN @ z>1! Rates depend on: supernova model, star formation rate, neutrino mass hierarchy Range 20 to 220 / 10 years “most probable” value ~ 100 M. Wurm et al., Phys. Rev D 75 (2007) 023007 Information on Supernova models & Star Formation rate (z~2)

12. LENA: Diffuse SN Background  optical measurements will determine the SNR with high accuracy  with this input, the spectral slope of the DSN can be used to distinguish between different SN explosion scenarios comparison of count rates in the energy bins 10MeV < E B1 < 14MeV 15MeV < E B2 < 25MeV

13. LENA: Supernova Neutrinos Assumption: Supernova II with 8 solar masses at 10 kpc distance e flux and spectrum

14. LENA: Supernova Neutrinos Total neutrino flux Total energy spectrum

15. LENA: Supernova Neutrinos Depending on threshold: p, nu - scattering dominated by    and    p  p Threshold ~ 50 pe (photoelectrons)

16. LENA: Solar Neutrinos High statistic ( ~ 5.4 x 10 3 / day ) 7 Be + e  + e test of small flux fluctuations in time CNO and pep – neutrinos ( ~ 3 x 10 2 / day ) solar neutrino luminosity contribution of CNO cycle to solar energy release Charged current e ( 13 C, 13 N) e - reaction ( ~ 10 3 / year ) spectroscopy of 8 B- at energies below 5 MeV (A. Ianni et al., hep-ph/0506171) LENA Fiducial Volume for solar : 18 x 10 3 m 3

17. LENA: Solar Neutrinos 7 Be pep CNO 8B8B Standard MSW scenario Non standard Interactions ? (e.g. flavor changing neutral currents) Friedland, Lunardini, Peña-Garay, hep-ph/0402266

18. CNO and the age of Globular Clusters 14 N(p,  ) 15 O new value? (new result from LUNA) Prediction CNO- altered by factor ~2 Age of Globular Clusters increased by factor 0.7 bis 1 Gy ! Measurement of CNO - : determination of metallicity in the centre of the Sun

19. LENA: Solar Neutrinos Electron recoil spectrum Requirements: low background levels in U, Th, 210 Pb at least ~4000 m.w.e. shielding

20. LENA: Geo Neutrinos Detection via inverse beta decay measurement of radiogenic contribution to terrestrial heat (~ 40 TW) test of the Bulk Silicate Earth model test of unorthodox models of Earth‘s core (is there a breeder reactor ?)

21. LENA @ Pyhäsalmi: ~ 1.5 x 10 3 events / year Scaling KamLAND result to LENA: between 3 x 10 2 and 3 x 10 3 events / year Rate of Geo-neutrinos in LENA Positron spectrum (arb. units) Uranium Uranium + Thorium Reactor BG

22. Proton Decay in Supersymmetry SU(5) GUT scale: Preferred decay modes:   –    y (S.Raby et al, 2002)     y (Babu, Pati, Wilzcek, 1998)

23. Proton Decay (non SUSY) (P. Nath 2006) Limits from SuperKamiokande:

24. LENA: Proton Decay

26. LENA: Separartion e-  -like events ?

27. Conclusions LAGUNA – Design study for a large future European observatory (Water, Argon, Scintillator) design study until ~ 2011 on APpec road map for Launch after design study completed LENA – Physics Potential in Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy and Proton Decay Proton Decay: T. Marrodan-Undagoitia et al., Phys. Rev. D 72 (2005) 075014 Geo-Nus: K.. Hochmuth et al., Astropart. Phys. 27 (2007) 21 DSNB: M. Wurm et al., Phys. Rev. D 75 (2007) 023007