1. doc.: IEEE 802.22-07/00463r0 Submission Zander LEI, I2R Singapore Sept 2007 Slide 1 Beacon Design Comparison for the IEEE 802.22.1 Standard Date: 2007-09-21 Authors: Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.22. Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chairhttp://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf Carl R. StevensonCarl R. Stevenson as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.22 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at patcom@iee.org.patcom@iee.org

2. doc.: IEEE 802.22-07/00463r0 Submission Zander LEI, I2R Singapore Sept 2007 Slide 2 Current Burst-Beacon Design

3. doc.: IEEE 802.22-07/00463r0 Submission Zander LEI, I2R Singapore Sept 2007 Slide 3 Problems Detection window for Sync burst is too long ~ 7 ms –70% of a WRAN frame (~30 OFDMA symbol period) –Can be shorten to half (<3.4 ms) Detection window for Beacon is too long ~ 100 ms –MSF1 is around 30 ms (3 frame for WRAN) –Can be shorten to half (50 ms for MPDU and 15 ms for MSF1) Synchronization and Index are unmatched –Synchronization is not as robust as Index

4. doc.: IEEE 802.22-07/00463r0 Submission Zander LEI, I2R Singapore Sept 2007 Slide 4 Sync Performance illustration Fa = 0.025

5. doc.: IEEE 802.22-07/00463r0 Submission Zander LEI, I2R Singapore Sept 2007 Slide 5 Sync Proposed Burst-Beacon Design Sync … BEACON PSDU 0 N-2 BURSTS: 2 byte Each 1.665 ms Sync N-1 BEACON: 120 Bytes I Q … SAME chip rate (76.873 kcps) and bit rate (9.6091 kbps) Shorter burst duration (1.665 ms or 2-byte duration) QPSK signaling Well balanced error protection for Sync, Index, and Beacon

6. doc.: IEEE 802.22-07/00463r0 Submission Zander LEI, I2R Singapore Sept 2007 Slide 6 Beacon Transmission In-phase Quadrature Beacon PSDU Part 1 Beacon PSDU Part 2 BEACON: ½ length = 50 ms

7. doc.: IEEE 802.22-07/00463r0 Submission Zander LEI, I2R Singapore Sept 2007 Slide 7 Backup

8. doc.: IEEE 802.22-07/00463r0 Submission Zander LEI, I2R Singapore Sept 2007 Slide 8 MPDU

9. doc.: IEEE 802.22-07/00463r0 Submission Zander LEI, I2R Singapore Sept 2007 Slide 9 Simulation Results AWGN channel Perfect chip pulse synchronization (no over- sampling) Simple bit synchronizer finds the largest correlation peak Packet error rate (Index and PSDU) / Probability of Sync Error

10. doc.: IEEE 802.22-07/00463r0 Submission Zander LEI, I2R Singapore Sept 2007 Slide 10 Simulation Results 02468101214 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 Fa = 0.004 Fa = 0.025 10 0 Eb/No (dB) Sync Error Prob. / Packet Error Rate AWGN, >100,000 runs each Sync (15x8chps) Index (9 bit) Beacon Frame (48 byte) I-Sync (128chps,1/2 power) Q-Index (1 byte, 1/2 power) Q-Beacon (48 byte, full power)

11. doc.: IEEE 802.22-07/00463r0 Submission Zander LEI, I2R Singapore Sept 2007 Slide 11 Summary Enhancement for Burst Beacon Transmission is proposed –QPSK signaling In phase: One PN sequence for Sync Quadrature: Index or Beacon –Balanced and better error protection –Low complexity implementation