1. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 1 Integrated Water Resource Management and its implications for the energy sector in Tajikistan PPCR Workshop on Climate Resilience and the Energy Sector 6-7 March 2012, Dushanbe

2. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 2 IWRM is a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems (Dublin 1992, GWP) Ecological integrity Economic growth Social equity Sustainability

3. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 3 IWRM guiding principles  Consider all water uses jointly and balance the effect on each other  Manage jointly water quality and quantity  Public Participation in all phases from planning to implementation  Decision making on the lowest appropriate level  Women play an important role  Basins/hydrological boundaries as management areas  Flexible/adaptable to the specific needs

4. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 4 Agreement on IWRM for Tajikistan (April 2011)  Adoption of IWRM guiding principles (all sectors, joint quantity and quality management, participation, decision making at lowest adequate level)  Basin approach, hydraulic boundaries  Separation of functions between Policy making and regulatory Policy making and regulatory Operational Operational

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7. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 Water and Energy  Becoming more of a topic of interest due to: relatively large consumption of energy by the water sector, e.g. relatively large consumption of energy by the water sector, e.g. In the UK 5% of all energy consumed (mainly for drinking water and sewerage systems)In the UK 5% of all energy consumed (mainly for drinking water and sewerage systems) In India 6% of the energy used is for pumping groundwater for irrigationIn India 6% of the energy used is for pumping groundwater for irrigation In Tajikistan this might well be even higher due to the large pumped systemsIn Tajikistan this might well be even higher due to the large pumped systems Increasing tendency to use irrigation for the growing of bio fuel crops Increasing tendency to use irrigation for the growing of bio fuel crops 7

8. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 8 Energy in Tajikistan  98% of the energy produced is through hydropower mainly generated by large dams and turbines  There is a large potential to increase the energy production from hydropower due to: suitable geography and geology suitable geography and geology large annual amount of internal renewable water resources (> 60 km 3 ) large annual amount of internal renewable water resources (> 60 km 3 )  Therefore in this presentation effects of large dams on various sub-sectors are evaluated  Given the uncertainty of the impact of climate change on the hydropower generation potential, it is advisable to re-evaluate reliance on hydropower only

9. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 Overview of interactions Energy Irrigation PPCR-Tajikistan March 2012 9 Inter-relations between energy & irrigation Impact on evaluated inter- relation Drier scenarioWetter scenario Ability to manage floods and releases + + + Summer storage for winter power generation - -+ Over-use of energy for irrigation - -+

10. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 Use of energy for irrigation: Installed pumps for the irrigation of 30,000 Ha in Zafarabod 10

11. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 Overview of interactions Energy Fishery PPCR-Tajikistan March 2012 11 Inter-relations between energy & fishery Impact on evaluated inter- relation Drier scenarioWetter scenario Migration of fish affected - +/- Water quality is reduced (salinity, eutrophication, less aeration) - -+ Restocking + +/-

12. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 Overview of interactions Energy Environment PPCR-Tajikistan March 2012 12 Inter-relations between energy & environment Impact on evaluated inter- relation Drier scenarioWetter scenario Increased erosion potential downstream - +- Fringes of reservoirs subject to waterlogging and salinity - -+ Increased discharge + +/-

13. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 Overview of interactions Energy Tourism PPCR-Tajikistan March 2012 13 Inter-relations between energy & tourism Impact on evaluated inter- relation Drier scenarioWetter scenario Fishery - +/- Water quality - -+ Lake environments/physical aesthetics + -+

14. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 Overview of interactions Energy Industry PPCR-Tajikistan March 2012 14 Inter-relations between energy & industry Impact on evaluated inter- relation Drier scenarioWetter scenario Reservoirs accumulate pollution - +/- Power availability/reliability + -+

15. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 Main interactions and climate change impacts Energy Disaster Management PPCR-Tajikistan March 2012 15 Inter-relations between energy & environment Impact on evaluated inter- relation Drier scenarioWetter scenario Slope stability - +- Management of flow releases + +/-

16. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 Main interactions and climate change impacts Energy Disaster Management PPCR-Tajikistan March 2012 16 Inter-relations between energy & water & sanitation Impact on evaluated inter- relation Drier scenarioWetter scenario Impediment of sanitation due to waterlogging - +- Standing water bodies affect water quality and accumulate pollutants - -+/- Clusters of luxury accommodation might affect water quality - +/-

17. Steering Committee 12 November 2007 Conclusions  There are many interactions between reservoirs and various water sub-sectors  Some potential impact of climate change was considered using two extreme scenarios: drier and wetter  Due to the large variety of interactions it is not possible to identify which scenario leads to more positive or negative impacts and mitigation of one effect might lead to worsening of another 17