1. Freshwater Ecosystems * Prepare yourself, there are 35 slides!

2. Freshwater Ecosystems Only covers 3% of Earth’s surface

3. What makes them different?

4. Abiotic Factors Water Speed / flow Depth Temperature Chemistry (salinity)

5. Organisms Grouped by location & adaptations 3 groups

6. 1 - Plankton Float near the surface Phytoplankton – single celled algae; produce most of the food for an aquatic ecosystem Zooplankton – microscopic animals

7. 2 - Nekton Free swimming Ex. fish & turtles

8. 3 - Benthos Bottom dwelling Most live attached to hard surfaces Ex. mussels, worms & barnacles

10. Lakes – 5 Types!

11. 1- Glacial lake: formed by depressions in the surface 2- Barrier lakes: formed from landslides 3- Crater lakes: volcanoes 4- Tectonic lakes: formed from rift valleys 5- Artificial lakes: humans (dams) & beavers

12. Ponds

13. Zones

14. Littoral Zone Shore Nutrient rich Diverse & abundant life

17. Benthic Zone No light Decomposers, insect larvae & clams

18. Animal Adaptations Water beetles – hair to trap air Catfish – whiskers to sense Amphibians – burrow in the cold

19. Eutrophication Increase in the amount of plant growth due to nutrients ↑algae = ↑bacteria = ↓oxygen Occurs naturally over long time Accelerated by run-off

24. Wetlands Covered with fresh water for part of year Traps & filters pollutants (keeping them out of cycle) Reduces chances of flood Prevents erosion

25. Provides spawning ground & habitats Provides recreational areas 2 types

26. Marsh Treeless Low, flat lands

27. Characterized by salinity Brackish Marsh – slight NaCl Salt Marsh – more NaCl

28. Swamp Has Trees Flat, poorly drained land Near streams Mangrove – near ocean

29. Human Impact on the Wetlands Drained, filled, cleared Farms, residential & commercial development Florida Everglades – from 8 million to 2 million acres

31. Stream

32. Rivers

33. Many originate from snow capped mountains Flows, broadens to become slower, warmer & wider Mosses anchor in the flow

34. River problems Industrial pollution Kills organisms Makes fish inedible Carries pollution in the run-off Dams alter ecosystems

35. Brainpop: Rivers