1. Jon Crowcroft, http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jac22 http://nymote.org Two-Sided Marketing to Incent Internetworking Networks of Things – HKUST IAS 3.3.2015

2. History of Mobile Cloud Smart Phone disintermediates Cellular Cloud/Web disintermediates telco Cloud/Web end run ISPs But wait … we missed something Internet was meant to democratize Flatter, P2P, Decentralized Devices (in pocket&home) powerful enough Uplinks nearly fast enough now How to reboot?

3. Old school capitalism & socialism See Future Perfect: The Case For Progress In A Networked Age, by Steven Johnson http://www.amazon.com/dp/1594488207  There’s a good case made for new ways of doing business  Not a Legrand Star or a Hayek Hub, but  A Baran Web….

4. So what’s this to do with startups? Need the right eco-system Not just government initiatives Not just a technology innovation No “one size fits all Cellular different from internet Biotech different from materials Are there special network features For Internet, Cloud and IoT?

5. Taking sides…Big v. Small Alec Broers wants Big Companies Like Intel, IBM, etc ex IBM, VC Cambridge, now chair of house of lords ctee on S&T Andy Hopper likes what we do Head of dept CL 10 startups, 2 IPOd…. Who do you believe? Time for science (experiment w/ biz model)

6. Cambridge has been doing new business cases for some time ARM Mostly fabless chip designer More chips than intel out there… RealVNC Open source desktop virtualisation Millions of users… Ubisense Actually, fairly traditional h/w -> IPO Used by BMW on production line.

7. More radical Xen Open Source - the Cloud (Amazon EC2) Engaged with ALL of industry (not just 1 preferred initial customer) Intel AND AMD Microsoft and Sun/Oracle and HP … Acquired by Citrix for 500M USD. Pretty much standard value in expertise 50 kernel hackers with PhDs:) Big 2nd customer was Tescos… … …

8. More radical still Raspberry Pi Charity, 0 staff, 0 VC, 0 offices 5,000,000 units shipped in 3 years. Doubled application rate to University CS HAT -- IoT Building Open Buildings Internet of things - to be seen Nymote -- Cloud Mirage, Irmin Signpost … … …disintermediation Open Source, decentralised, appstore

9. HAT:Internet of Things Thing 1 - we need an app store to network legacy (and new) appliances Commodity Appliance Thing Thing 2 - we need a new app store for people to contribute apps to federate (and isolate) Systems of Things Home Appliance Thing See Dr Seuss for more details: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fj_xwgLW_4I

10. Internet of Things Need a grass roots (cottage industry) Therefore need to give people tools Equivalent of knitting needles+wool Or sewing machines and thread (better) Or even looms Hence need 3D Sculpters & Printers But also need to give them upload capability Moral equivalent of knitting pattern contributions made to magazines & books But 3D CATs uploaded to websites 3D HATs are easy (c.f. Fresnel project:) Hence need 3D scanners too

11. Render Unnecessary http://fffff.at/free-universal-construction-kit/

12. Intellectual Property is Theft See aforesaid book for why Patents are not capitalism, they are monopolistic Long patterns incentivize companies to hide background longer term knowledge 10 year pharma pattern is longer than the survival rate of someone’s creativity So blocks the sideways flow of innovation Especially in methodologies

13. Alternatives Xensource worked without IP protection because…. A big incumbent cannot catch up with 5, or even 50 smart people working on an exciting new idea Throwing 500 people (at MSR) doesn’t work Old news (c.f. Mythical Man Month) So novel S/W doesn’t need any protection than raw speed of development

14. Some possible exceptions Modest, but useful, genuine h/w innovations - e.g. Dyson bagless vacuum cleaner Patent lifetime perhaps could be shorter Invention to market cycle*2 == 5 years? Peer Patent Review Deals with scale out of Finding prior art Detecting obviousness > sufficiency

15. Employee Owned Business models Good karma Works outside of business too Incentive alignment without toxicity What if society is the employer? So government is the employee So how to use EOB in government?

16. Mezzanine Conclusions, Discussion Today HAT, REMS, Ocaml Labs http://hubofallthings.wordpress.com/ http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~pes20/rems/ http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/ocamllabs/ Platform (free), toolchain (free), service (tbd) Tomorrow, World Peace and an end to Hunger? Live long and prosper

17. DO$H – Decentralized Object Storage Help (need better name ) How to incentive decentralized system? Lets think about monetizing … Not just token payment…

18. Background to P2P and Virtual Currencies Peer-to-peer systems avoid infrastructure Eschew centralised ownership/management Examples: Internet (originally), Usenet Mesh wireless nets Mobile Ad Hoc Nets (MANETs) Oppportunistic/mule nets are examples

19. P2P #2 Mutual exchange of resources Layered on another (infra or p2p) net Structured v. Unstructured, DHT, Key,Value stores, in Cloud (Cassandra etc) Storage BitTorrent, Freenet, Eternity Computation SETI@Home, ClimatePrediction.com Service (e.g. Presence) Skype (originally)

20. Virtual Currencies No currency - direct barter Air Miles Subway tokens Exchanges – credit cards, paypal New:: BitCoin, Ripple, Properties Decentralised Mint no 0wning/coercion Decentralised Verification mutual benefit in verifying == p2p store/check Non-inflationary (BitCoin)

21. Mint/Verify BitCoin - crypto Basic trick is “proof of work” Mitigates both forgery&double spending P2P verification entails keeping history Transaction chain->not strictly anonymous Various possible problems like hoarding Plus finite total (eventual) number of BitCoins -> possible loss impact “Alien Technology”

22. P2p incentives and currencies We’ve been trying to get incentive alignment in p2p Bittorrent uses tit-for-tat tokens Did same in our work on mesh wifi With deflationary currency to deal with People leaving with money in their pocket People joining/starters… Then along comes bitcoin (and ripple) But….

23. Objections to BitCoin 1. Proof of work is a waste of energy 2. Not anonymous (at least not as much as some people think) We don’t like 1, but we don’t mind 2. So……

24. DO$H: an anonymous idea (by me) To fix some elements of bitcoin And p2p storage systems Specifically, Want to fund the Personal Cloud vision with backup/resilience other goodness properties

25. Personal cloud Everyone keeps their personal data In their pocket In their home hub, or car or bike But want backup (or nearby copies) Could crypt and put in cloud Or crypt and put in friends/family Or even (many) arbitrary other users stores How to pay for cloud storage/cpu?

26.  26 Cloud provisioning: service offerings Already work on tailoring services to particular constraints Differential privacy: tailor query results to not reveal too much private information Already offer services based on user/tenant locale Not only for performance, but also security, rights management, etc. (e.g. iPlayer) Providers already manage their infrastructure Customising service and content for regional concerns Thus, already the capability to tailor services for particular regional and/or jurisdictional concerns 26

27.  27 Cloud provisioning: Unikernels Cloud exists to leverage shared infrastructure Isolation is important: VMs – Separate for tenants, complete OS, managed by hypervisor Containers – shared OS, isolated users Deployment heavy, isolation overheads, … Future? Unikernels: library OS, build/compile a VM with only that required Hypervisor managed, removes user-space isolation concerns 27

28.  28 Cloud provisioning: Unikernels (2) Very small (1MByte), lightweight easily deployed VMs: Easily moved around the infrastructure Deploy in locales/jurisdictions when/where relevant Facilitates customised services Specific unikernels for particular services Encapsulating specific jurisdictional requirements? Transparency: Natural audit trail “Pulls” that what is required to build, on demand 28

29. Mirage OS Cloud xen 4.4 arm/intel

30. Some other Mirage/Cloud components Irmin storage Git API (also others, Imap etc) Immutable (merkel trees) Append only Signposts Connectivity Management Including key distribution And identity management All Open Source …and available now

31. Runs on one of these… Hardware prototype: Cubieboard2 ARM Cortex A20, costs £49. Software for private service domains: Xen 4.4 released with ARM support. Mirage/ARM works in userspace, and almost kernel mode (a few weeks).

32. Monetizing Personal Data Don’t “put all our eggs in one basket” s/facebook/personal cloud/ Monetize data case by case basis Idea also from HAT project Have relationship with many vendors of goods and services – loyalty cards etc They don’t have usage data – we do in personal cloud – home power, fridge, fitbit, scales, washing machines etc

33. Model is they pay us Supermarket/pharmacy pay us for data In DOSH Generate DOSH coins by crypting our data – i.e. useful So we get adverts, but they don’t leak data we also get DOSH, and could give BACK in exchange for no ads (just storage)

34. DOSH is quite like BitCoin But not deflationary – but bounded by people and goods used so can’t hyperinflate due to sustainability of world Keep BitCoin model of auditable verification chains so can discourage use for Silk Road #3

35. Two more ideas Could source randomness for hashes DOSH protocol from non-co-ercable places 1. Sustainable energy sources (solar/wind) contain natural randomness, which can be observed/recorded but aint easy to fake/force 2. Could also use 3D printers DRM random source (and so mark real world goods 3D printed with BitCoin verification hash

36. Have some pieces http://perscon.net/ http://nymote.org/software/irminsule/ Need to do open source DOSH And find some seed users… You didn’t hear this from me

37. Who Am I?

38. The D.E. in a HAT An Alternative presentation By Dr Parry, with apologies to Dr Seuss and the image copyright holders

39. A home tech platform What ever is that? The Hub of All Things Which we know as the H.A.T.

40. How to will it work? Well let me tell you, We collect data using things Named Thing 1 And Thing 2

41. Thing 1 is a smart thing IoT ready you know We just need to name him And link him And then let him go

42. Thing 2 makes objects smarter With just a little finance Milk bottles, cups and kettle They IoT enhance

43. The things collect data Which algorithms analyse Contextual archetypes appear Right in front of your eyes

44. We learn from the home And from each other too We learn all about the things And what they tend to do

45. SMEs play at the HAT-Fest With the data compiled Creating novel offerings Which are deployed in the wild

46. The Hub of All Things We commend it to you We think it is the future We hope you do too