1. Cultural influences on learning object design and development Thanks to Mei Qi, Tom Boyle, Yong Xue Learning Technology Research Institution London Metropolitan University

2. Design levels of LOs u Pedagogical design u Interactive design u Presentation design LOs can be simple or complex pedagogically or culturally

3. A case study of Reusing LOs in different cultures LOs of Java Programming LOs of Java Programming London Metropolitan University, UK (223 students took part) Beijing Union University (BUU), China (167 students took part) Reused after translationUsed directly Developed by LTRI

4. Data analysis u u The LOs were seen as helpful as learning aids for the students in both universities (92% in BUU, 86% in LondonMet) u u Differences in attitudes towards the LOs and using their functions were found

5. Attitude towards Quizzes Students in BUU had a more positive attitude than London Met “No answer” includes – 19% did not answer the question – 28% never used the quizzes, so cannot answer the question

6. Attractiveness of the LOs PositiveNeutralNegativeNo Answer Samples in BUU9.20%61%29.80%0 Samples in London Met 67.60%16.20%0 Positive answers were significantly higher in London Met than in BUU Probable reasons: Platform of using the LOs, London Met: WebCT BUU: Internet Explorer Module context, London Met: Embedded in the module content BUU: Stand-alone learning aids

7. Culturally sensitive factors in design and development of LOs  Instruction  Interaction  Illustration and exercise  Navigation  Language  Communication  Motivation and stimulation  Interface

8. Further work (Mei Qi’s PhD) u u Mapping the culturally-sensitive variables to the design and development stages of using an authoring tool, eg Generative LO tool: u u http://www.glomaker.org/ http://www.glomaker.org/ u u Developing a cultural reference model for design and reuse of LOs with rich pedagogy equally in different contexts