1. English 9 Mr. Rinka - Lesson #36 6 Difficult Verbs The Novel & Introduction to Call of the Wild

2. 6 Difficult Verbs The following pairs of verbs are very confusing in meaning, use and principle parts. lie & lay sit & set rise & raise

3. lie & lay lie means “to rest” or “to remain in a specific position.” (never has a direct object)” lay means “to put something in a specific place.” (usually has a direct object)

4. Principle Parts of lie & lay Base Form Present Participle PastPast Participle lie (to rest) lay (to put) (is) lying (is) laying Lay laid (have) lain (have) laid

5. lie & lay Every afternoon I lie down for a short nap. Exhausted, Bill is lying on the floor. I lay in bed all day yesterday. I have lain in bed until 9:00 every day this week.

6. lie & lay Please lay your books on the desk. I am laying tiles on the floor. I laid my wallet on the bureau. I have laid floor tiles for five years.

7. Lie/Lay Exercises http://www.towson.edu/ows/exerci selie_lay2.htm http://www.towson.edu/ows/exerci selie_lay3.htm

8. Sit & Set Sit means “to settle in a seated, upright position.” (almost never has a direct object) Set means “to put something into a place.” ( usually has a direct object)

9. Principle Parts of sit & set Base Form Present Participle PastPast Participle sit (to rest) set (to put) (is) sitting (is) setting sat set (have) sat (have) set

10. Sit & Set We sit in class every day. Bill is sitting on the sofa. I sat in the office waiting room. I have sat in the same chair all year.

11. Sit & Set Please set your hat on the table. Mother is setting a place for you at the table. We set our date for the party yesterday. The workers have set the stones in place.

12. Sit/Set Exercises http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/sitsetseat.h tml http://www.grammar- quizzes.com/sit-set.html

13. Rise & Raise Rise means “to go up” or “to get up.” (almost never has a direct object) Raise means “to lift up” or “to cause something to rise.” (usually has a direct object)

14. Principle Parts of rise & raise Base Form Present Participle PastPast Participle rise (to go up) raise (to lift up ) (is) rising (is) raising rose raised (have) risen (have) raised

15. Rise & Raise The sun rises in the East. The temperature outside is rising. The Phoenix rose from the ashes. She has risen early every day this week.

16. Rise & Raise Many farmers raise several crops. We are raising vegetables in our garden. Only one student raised her hand. Recent accidents have raised questions about safety.

17. Rise/Raise Exercises http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/raise- rise.html http://www.quia.com/quiz/287248.h tml

18. The Novel A long (50,000 words +) fictional narrative that involves a main plot and several subplots with a variety of characters who advance the plots. Novelists use many literary devices and different writing styles.

19. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Author Jack London Born in California in Jan. 1876. Grew up poor. Finished the 8 th grade and quit. Avid reader who was self-educated. Became an adventurer. (pirate and tramp)

20. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Returned to Oakland and finished high school. Started college but quit in 1897 to go North. Joined gold rush to Yukon. Did not get rich, but he had interesting experiences – subjects for his writing.

21. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call The Call of the Wild London lived as a writer, adventurer, husband, father and celebrity. A Novel about a dog’s adventures. Written in the early 1900’s in California. Published as a serial in The Saturday Evening Post from 6/20– 7/18, 1903.

22. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Story takes place in the late 1800’s. The setting shifts from California to Alaska and the Yukon. It is told from the dog’s perspective. The dog, Buck, is the protagonist. The story is about Buck’s struggles to survive against man and nature.

23. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters Buck is a dog that is half St. Bernard and half sheepdog. He is stolen and sold as a sled dog. He learns to adapt to the cruel harsh life in the Yukon.

24. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters John Thornton is a gold prospector who saves Buck’s life and earns Buck’s loyalty. They establish an ideal master dog relationship which challenges Buck’s desire to return to the wild.

25. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters Spitz is a fierce dog and rival of Buck’s. He fights for survival without concern of right or wrong. Buck is superior in cunning to him.

26. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters Francois is a French Canadian who delivers mail and buys Buck for his sled team. He is good and fair to Buck.

27. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters Perrault is also French Canadian who along with Francois trains Buck to be a sled dog. (both Francois and Perrault speak with accents)

28. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters Hal is an American who comes to the North with his sister and brother- in-law in search of gold. He is very inexperienced and not capable of surviving in the wild. He buys Buck but is not a good master.

29. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters Mercedes is Hal’s sister who is spoiled and totally unprepared to survive in the wild. She is at first, however, sympathetic to the sled dogs.

30. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters Charles is Mercedes’ husband and is equally incapable of survival in the harsh elements of the North.

31. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters Dave is a dog on buck’s sled team who is determined to continue pulling the sled even though he is ill.

32. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters Sol-leks is an experienced dog in Buck’s sled team.

33. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters Curly is also a dog, and she is a friend of Buck’s. Her death teaches Buck of the harsh life and cruel nature of the wild.

34. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters Judge Miller is Buck’s first owner who with his family love and pamper Buck before Buck has to face the uncivilized world.

35. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call Characters Manuel is Judge Miller’s gardener who steals Buck and sells him to pay off a gambling debt.

36. Lie/Lay Exercises http://www.towson.edu/ows/exerci selie_lay2.htm http://www.towson.edu/ows/exerci selie_lay3.htm

37. Sit/Set Exercises http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/sitsetseat.h tml http://www.grammar- quizzes.com/sit-set.html

38. Rise/Raise Exercises http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/raise- rise.html http://www.quia.com/quiz/287248.h tml

39. The Call of the Wild http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/call