1. MAKING OUR WORLD DISASTER RESILIENT “Good Success” Will be Our Legacy Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

2. DISASTER RESILIENCE HAS A VERY HIGH BENEFIT/COST 1 < BENEFIT/COST < 1000 THE PAYOFF IS GREATER SAFETY, SECURITY, HEALTH CARE, AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR EVRYONE 1 < BENEFIT/COST < 1000 THE PAYOFF IS GREATER SAFETY, SECURITY, HEALTH CARE, AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR EVRYONE

3. AT PRESENT, OUR WORLD IS NOT DISASTER RESILIENT INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS FLOODS SEVERE WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES TSUNAMIS

4. AT PRESENT, OUR WORLD IS NOT DISASTER RESILIENT DROUGHTS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS LANDSLIDES WILDFIRES

5. JANUARY 29, 2015 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

6. A Routine Delivery of Gas to a Maternity Hospital in Mexico City Leads to a Deadly Explosion Killing 4 and Injuring Dozens January 29, 2015

7. ELEMENTS OF THE DISASTER The explosion occurred when a gas tanker was making a routine, early morning delivery of gas to the hospital kitchen, and gas started to leak. The tanker workers worked for 15 to 20 minutes to repair the leak while a large cloud of gas was forming, then exploded.

8. ELEMENTS OF THE DISASTER The explosion sent up an enormous fireball and plumes of dust and smoke. The Hospital caught fire and collapsed.

9. MEXICO: GAS EXPLOSION

11. SMALL THIS TIME, BUT IT COULD HAVE BEEN MUCH WORSE The maternity hospital is located on the western edge of Mexico’s densely populated capital. It is located in a middle class neighborhood, next to a school. Miraculously, the hospital’s oxygen tanks were not affected by the explosion or fire.

12. JANUARY 29, 2015 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO FLOOD DISASTERS

13. BUILDING IN FLOOD PLAIN FLOODS INUNDATION AND SCOUR INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EFFECTS OF WATER ON STRUCTURE & CONTENTS INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR HEALTH PROBLEMS, INJURIES, AND DEATH LOSS OF FUNCTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE VULNERABILITY OF NON- STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

14. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPECTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT

15. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS EARLY WARN- ING (THE ISS) AND EVACU- ATION ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

16. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

17. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS RECOVERY AND RECON- STRUCTION USUALLY TAKE LONGER THAN THOUGHT.

18. JANUARY 29, 2015 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO HURRICANE OR TYPHOON DISASTERS

19. WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE SEVERE WINDSTORMS SEVERE WINDSTORMS UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS STORM SURGE AND HEAVY PRECIPITATION IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN POOR WORKMANSHIP IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

20. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WIND- STORMS PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPECTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

21. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WINDSTORMS WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON- ENGINEERED BUILDINGS.

22. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WINDSTORMS. DISASTER- INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND TO PREPARE.

23. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WINDSTORMS CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

24. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WINDSTORMS CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

25. JANUARY 29, 2015 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS

26. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING EARTHQUAKES SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SOIL FAILURE AND SURFACE FAULTING ) IRREGULARITIES IN MASS, STRENGTH, AND STIFFNESS FLOODING FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP AND SEICHE POOR DETAILING OF STRUCTURALSYSTEM IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

27. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTHQUAKES PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY AND UNLIKELY HAZARDS AND RISKS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

28. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTH- QUAKES BUILDING CODES AND LIFELINE STANDARDS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

29. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTHQUAKES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

30. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTHQUAKES IF APRIORI PLANS FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION ARE ABSENT, THE PROCESS WILL BE LONG, COMPLEX, AND HIGHLY POLITICAL

31. JANUARY 29, 2015 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO TSUNAMI DISASTERS

32. HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES TSUNAMIS INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS FLOODING NO WARNING, OR INADEQUATE WARNING PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

33. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TSUNAMIS. DISASTER- INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING FROM A TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM TO EVACUATE PEOPLE FROM HARM’S WAY.

34. LESSON: RECOVERY AND RECON- STRUCTION IS LONG AND COMPLEX

35. JANUARY 29, 2015 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO DROUGHT DISASTERS

36. PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION DROUGHTS LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER LOSS OF VEGETATION INSECT INFESTATION PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF LAND BY DESERTIFICATION CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

37. JANUARY 29, 2015 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO VOLCANIC ERUPTION DISASTERS

38. PROXIMITY TO LATERAL BLAST VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN PATH OF PYROCLASTIC FLOWS IN PATH OF FLYING DEBRIS (TEPHRA) IN PATH OF VOLCANIC ASH (AVIATION) IN PATH OF LAVA FLOWS IN PATH OF LAHARS IGNORING WARNING TO EVACUATE CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

39. JANUARY 29, 2015 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO LANDSLIDE DISASTERS

40. BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION OR GROUND SHAKING BARE, OVERSTEEPENED SLOPES CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

41. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL LANDSLIDES PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

42. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL LANDSLIDES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SEARCH AND RESCUE) IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

43. JANUARY 29, 2015 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO WILDFIRE DISASTERS

44. LIGHTNING STRIKES WILDFIRES MANMADE FIRES PROXIMITY OF URBAN- WILDLANDS INTERFACE WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED DEFORESTATION DENUDED SLOPES HOT, DRY WEATHER CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

45. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WILDFIRES PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

46. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WILDFIRES EARLY WARN- ING (THE ISS) AND EVACU- ATION ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

47. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WILDFIRES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

48. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WILDFIRES RECOVERY AND RECON- STRUCTION USUALLY MEANS HAVING THE CAPACITY TO START OVER.

49. GLOBALCOMMUNITIESGLOBALCOMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARDS PEOPLE & BLDGS. VULNERABILITY LOCATION DISASTER ASSESS. RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK THE GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION//PREVENTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

50. TECHNOLOGIES FOR MONITORING, FORECASTING, AND WARNING ARE VITAL FOR BECOMING RESILIENT

51. THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE HISTORY OF YOUR REGION’S DISASTERS 2) PROTECT, PREVENT, PREPARE 3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE 5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND START OVER