1. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 1 B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Hadrons in Nuclear Matter: Sensors of the QCD Vacuum? B. Kämpfer Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Technische Universität Dresden QCD Sum Rules: condensates and hadron spectral functions (line shapes,peak position) Hadron Model: adjustment to data (transparency ratios - widths) Changes of hadron properties in medium carry signals of the way in which the vacuum changes in a nuclear environment W. Weise, NPA 574 (1994) 347c

2. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 2 WMAP or Einstein‘s constant or ? sensors for the vacuum Dark Energy:

3. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 3 Nucleus as QCD Laboratory Hadrons as Excitations of/above Vacuum  Probes of Changed QCD Vacuum? Bonn Mainz Jülich Darmst.

4. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 4 Zeeman & Stark Effects shifts & splittings of atomic spectral lines Hadrons in Nuclear Matter: shifts of hadron energies („mass shifts“)? new structures (ph exct) in spectral fncts? courtesy PANDA pA: Scheinast et al. (KaoS), PRL 2006 pA: CBM p_bar A: PANDA understanding hadronic part of QCD Vacuum Mag. Field

5. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 5 QCD Vacuum Medium Modifications: prominent condensates: low n T-n effects: Zschocke et al. EPJA (2002) frame dependent (Unruh) spin-0 a priori undetermined mass-dimensioned parameters in OPE of color-singlet ccc‘s spontaneous symmetry breaking dilatation symmetry breaking

6. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 6 condensate = vacuum + density dep. part q density sigma term QCD trace anomaly GOR lattice charmonium scalar twist-2DIS pdf GLS SR fac. hyp. twist-3 pdf fac. hyp. > Narison if real condensate: couples to gravity

7. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 7 Fiorilla, Kaiser, Weise, arXiv:1104.2819 Highlighting the Chiral Condensate V-A mixing shifts of pole masses broadening (merging into continuum) lattice QCD The CBM Physics Book Springer 814 (2011) Fodor et al. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 230 (2010) Hadrada, Yamawak Phy.Rep. (2003) Brown-Rho (PRL 1991): Kapusta-Shuryak (PRD 1994): Hatsuda-Lee (PRC 1992): dropping mass of light vector mesons if

8. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 8 Change the Excitation Spectrum of Hadrons hadron spec. fnct. OPE hypothesis (e.g., neglect instanton contributions) hadronic information in QCD SR: SVZ, NBP (1979) Bochkarev, Shaposhnikov, NPB (1986) or retated ccc Leupold 2005 Wilson, PR (1969)

9. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 9 QCD Sum Rules: Predictions of Medium Modifications? (i) as solution of integral eq. (Fredholm 1): too scarce information on OBE side (ii) MEM: (iii) moments: mean (= center of gravity) – OK variance (= width) skewness (= deformation) kurtosis (= up/down shot) too large gap in powers of M (iv) insert hadronic model (v) pole + continuum ansatz truncate: i < 6 (8, 12) Titov, BK, PRC (2007) Kwon, Weise, PRC (2010): another hierarchy+chiral gap Gubler, Morita, Oka, arXiv 1104.4436

10. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 10 CB-TAPS PRL (2005), PRC (2010) strong density dependence of combined 4-quark conds. also dim-8 contributions: norm. moment Thomas/Zschocke/BK, PRL (2005)

11. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 11 3 indep. sets of combinations of 4-q conds. enter Nucleons in Nuclear Matter Thomas, Hilger, BK, NPA (2007) 20 - 40

12. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 12 phenomenological point of view Plohl et al.,PRC (2006)

13. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 13 pseudo-scalar D - D Open Charm Mesons in Nuclear Matter towards FAIR: CBM + PANDA T. Hilger et al., JPG 2010

14. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 14 Hilger, BK, NPB 2010 Hilger, BK, PRC 2009

15. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 15 Weinberg type sum rules for chiral partners of zero in vacuum heavy-light mesons heavy-quark symmetry: = =

16. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 16 BUU Width of Strangeonium p proposed by Hernandez, Oset, ZPA (1992) PLB (2011) Polyansky‘s talk

17. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 17 K+ K- Rossendorf BUU transport code for Ar(1.76 AGeV) + KCl data: HADES PRC (2008) Schade, Wolf, BK, PRC (2010) HADES, PRC (2010): 40 MeV

18. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 18 p(2.5 GeV) + Au data: KaoS PRL(2006) p(2.5 GeV) + C CCuAu p(2.83 GeV) +

19. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 19 p = projectile attenuation of projectileabsorption of ejectile photo (electro) production: „illumination“ of whole nucleus proton (p_bar) induced production: „illumination“ of front side p abs only for primary reactions FAIR

20. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 20 in Valencia – Paryev models: analog in omega and phi photo-production CLAS, PRL (2011) CLAS PRL (2010) CBELSA-TAPS PRL (2008) prediction of broadening: Klingl, Wass, Weise, PLB (1998) Spring-8: Ishikawa et al., PLB (2005) V e+ e- Oset, Cabrera,...

21. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 21 Summary Medium changes of condensates (should) drive medium modifications of hadrons QCD sum rules: no direct link to shape of hadron spect. fncts. (improvement by MEM evaluation expected) Landau term vs. density effects in condensates No direct link of QCD vacuum condensates to cosmic budget (Brodsky, Shrock, PRC (2010): condensates are included in hadron masses; Klinkhamer, PRD (2010): gluon cond.) Hadron model (BUU): large phi absorption cross section (  strong broadening by comparison with ANKE data) Apologies to many authors of the many hadron models Experimental survey: P. Salabura‘s talk Reviews: Hayano, Hatsuda, Rev. Mod. Phys. (2010) Leupold, Metag, Mosel, Int. J. Mod. Phys. (2010) CLAS (Djalali, Wood,...) + M. Weber‘s (HADES) contribution

22. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 22 SU(2) chiral limit, leading order in n: Thorsson, Wirzba, NPA (1995) Meissner et al., Ann. Phys. (2002) low-energy pi-A scattering, pionic atoms  chiral softening Jido et al., PLB (2008) no rigorous relation of Dey et al. PLB (1990) in accordance with Weinberg‘s chiral sum rule

23. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 23

24. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 24 Hadrons as Excitations of/above Vacuum vacuum E = 0

25. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 25 center of gravity of B QCD SR (omega meson) resonance +continuum: semi-loc. duality: Landau

26. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 26 Towards Chiral Restoration spont. breaking of chiral symmetry Nambu-Goldstone mode of QCD no parity doubling à la Wigner L R  V A expl. breaking of chiral sym. dropping chiral condensate: transition to Wigner-Weyl mode motivation to seek for medium modifications of hadrons

27. B. Kampfer I Institute of Radiation Physics I www.hzdr.de Member of the Helmholtz Association page 27 Emergence of Structure Quantum Field Theory Standard Model Gravity QCD 3 21 e.w. Hadrons EFT: ChPT,... Nuclei ab initio calc. e.w. hadrons nuclei Phenomenological Models: OBE,... Nuclear „Theory“ Transport Codes symmetry