1. Types of Cellular Transport  Passive Transport cell doesn’t use energy 1.Diffusion 2.Facilitated Diffusion 3.Osmosis  Active Transport cell does use energy 1.Protein Pumps 2.Endocytosis 3.Exocytosis high low This is gonna be hard work!! high low Weeee!! !

2. 2 Facilitated Diffusion * Is a type of passive transport Doesn’t require energy Uses transport proteins to move molecules from high to low concentration Examples: Glucose or amino acids moving from blood into a cell.

3. Facilitated Diffusion is the movement of larger molecules like glucose through the cell membrane – larger molecules must be “helped” Proteins in the cell membrane form channels for large molecules to pass through Proteins that form channels (pores) are called protein channels outside of cell inside of cell Glucose molecules Facilitated Diffusion

4. Facilitated diffusion Molecules move from high to low through a protein channel No energy is needed

5. 5 Active Transport  Requires energy or ATP  Moves materials from LOW to HIGH concentration  AGAINST concentration gradient

6. 6 Active transport  Examples: Pumping Na + (sodium ions) out and K + (potassium ions) in against strong concentration gradients.  Called Na+-K+ Pump

7. Active Transport Active transport is the movement of molecules from LOW to HIGH concentration. Energy is required as molecules must be pumped against the concentration gradient. Proteins that work as pumps are called protein pumps. Ex: Body cells must pump carbon dioxide out into the surrounding blood vessels to be carried to the lungs for exhale. Blood vessels are high in carbon dioxide compared to the cells, so energy is required to move the carbon dioxide across the cell membrane from LOW to HIGH concentration. outside of cell inside of cell Carbon Dioxide molecules

9. NO ENERGY NEEDED: Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion ENERGY NEEDED: Active Transport ANALOGY:

11. Compare the types of transport

12. Food is moved into the cell by Endocytosis Wastes are moved out of the cell by Exocytosis Endocytosis and Exocytosis is the mechanism by which very large molecules (such as food and wastes) get into and out of the cell **ENERGY IS REQUIRED

13. 13 Moving the “Big Stuff” Molecules are moved out of the cell by vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. Exocytosis- moving things out. This is how many hormones are secreted and how nerve cells communicate with one another.

14. 14 Exocytosis Exocytosis vesicle immediately after fusion with plasma membrane.

15. 15 Endocytosis – Phagocytosis Used to such as food, bacteria, etc. into vesicles Used to engulf large particles such as food, bacteria, etc. into vesicles Called “Cell Eating”

16. Ex: White Blood Cells, which are part of the immune system, surround and engulf bacteria by endocytosis.