1. Introduction to Management
Management is defined as the:-
Art of getting things done by people.
Achievement of objectives via the effective utilisation of resources.
Attainment of organisational goals in an efficient and effective manner by planning, organising, leading and controlling organisational resources

2. Managers:- (GROUP)
Have goals
Are responsible for the achievement of results
Work in organisations
Must cope with uncertainty
Work in partnership with people

3. Managers have five specified tasks common to all managers
Managers have five specified tasks common to all managers . (Henry Fayol)
Planning
Organising
Coordinating
Commanding
Controlling

4. Planning
A plan is a predetermined course of action designed to give a sense of purpose to an organisation.
Planning can be seen as a the management function concerned with the defining of goals (targets) for future performance, and deciding on the tasks and resources needed to achieve those goals or targets.
Planning starts with goals or targets ( aims and objectives)

5. Organising
This is the management function that is concerned with assigning tasks, grouping tasks together and allocating resources.

6. Coordinating
This means bringing the various parts together to ensure they work in harmony and balance.
The coordination of the functional areas to satisfy the customers and to make a profit.

7. Commanding
This takes the form of leading and directing. Both these activities are aimed at achieving the organisations goals. Directing suggests giving orders, instructions, supervision or guidance. Leading involves the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organisational goals.

8. Controlling This is concerned with monitoring activities.
Keeping the organisation on track so it keeps moving forward towards its goals and taking appropriate action when it is required.
Control requires:-
Establishment of standards of performance.
Comparison of actual performance with the standard set.
Implementation of corrective action.

9. Changes in the nature of management
From
Boss/superior/leader
Stress on reward and punishment
Individual
Competition
Periodic learning
Avoidance of threats
Resistance to change To
Team member/facilitator
Stress on knowledge and relationship
Team
Cooperation
Continuous learning
New opportunities
Acceptance of change

10. The decision making process

11. SMART Criteria S – Specific, with regard to what is needed
M – Measurable based on performance criteria
A – Agreed, with people responsible for achievement of goals
R – Relevant (to organisation) and Realistic (capable of being achieved)
T – Timetabled to give a final date for completion

12. Key Concepts
Coordination – from the verb to coordinate meaning to integrate harmoniously The integration and synchronisation of activities in order to work towards set objectives. Constraint – anything that limits an organisations ability to achieve its goals. Control – the process of comparing actual performance with planned performance and where necessary making corrective action. Directing – Commanding. Leadership – The ability to influence the behaviour of others. Objectives – Goals or targets that the behaviour seeks to achieve. Organise – A verb meaning to coordinate and prepare for activity

13. Planning
Planning is the establishment of objectives and the formulation, evaluation and selection of policies, strategies, tactics and action required to achieve them.
Planning requires a forecast (a prediction about the future course of events or future trends)

14. Planning takes place on three levels
Strategic – deciding on objectives of the organisation , changes in the objectives, the resources needed to attain them and policies that govern the purchase, use and disposition of the resources.

15. Tactical Objectives
These can be seen as short term departmental performance targets
For example to raise output by 5% within 6 months
This target has to be achieved if the firm is to satisfy its strategic objectives

16. Operational Objectives
These are statements addressed to small group or individuals.
The define outcomes to be achieved within a short timeframe.
For example to sign up ten new dealers by the end of the month.
The objectives cascade down from the mission statement and the overall corporate objectives (MOST)

17. MOST What an organisation is seeking to achieve
How an organisation will achieve it
Mission
Objectives
Strategy
Tactics
The organisation’s purpose and direction
The organisation’s long term goal
Long-term plans designed to achieve the mission and objectives
Short-term plans for implementing strategies