1. Institute for Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and St. Anna Faculty Hospital in Brno MUDr. Lenka Černohorská Ph.D. MICROBIOLOGY AND MEDICINE The 1st lecture for 2nd-year students February, 2010

2. Recommended study materials 1) Basic textbooks Greenwood et al.: Medical Microbiology, 17th Ed., 2007 Marsh P., Martin M.V.: Oral Microbiology 2) additional reading materials Samaranayake: Essentional Microbiology for dentistry Lecture notes, list of questions Protocols from practical exercises

3. History 1668 Antony van Leeuwenhoek began with microscopy 1818 † Ignaz Semmelweis (hand disinfection) 1749 * Edward Jenner, founder of vaccination against smallpox 1843 * Robert Koch (agents of TBC and cholera) 1864 Pasteur discovered that wine is spoiled by microbes 1879 Neisser discovered gonococci 1884 Metchnikoff described phagocytosis Gram described „Gram staining“ Gram described „Gram staining“ 1923 Dept. of Microbiology in St. Anna Hospital founded 1928 Fleming: penicillin discovered 1919 Bordet: Nobel prize for discovery of pertussis 1939 Domagk: effect of sulphonamides on gonococci 1954 Salk: inactivated vaccine against polio 1958 Beadle et al.: Nobel Prize for works on bacterial genetics 1993 Nobel Prize for PCR and for introns

4. What is the Medical Microbiology? Medical microbiology = science about microorganisms (microbes) that are important in medicine relations Microorganisms are so small we can only see them in microscope! What can microbes do? 1. can cause diseases of man or animals- they are pathogenic 2. microbes can form so called normal microflora of human beings and animals

5. Microbiology in dentistry We will learn about: Infections in oral cavity + teeth – plaque, parodontitis… Normal microflora of oral cavity Systemic diseases with typical signs in oral cavity (herpes virus…)

6. Microbiology divisions Bacteriology – is about bacteriaBacteriology – is about bacteria Mycology - study moulds & yeastsMycology - study moulds & yeasts Algology - algae Parasitology - parasites ( protozoa, helminths, arthropods)Algology - algae Parasitology - parasites ( protozoa, helminths, arthropods) Virology- study virusesVirology- study viruses

7. General microbiologyxSpecial Main principles, structure, growth, environment factors, resistance, desinfection, immunity… Lectures in spring term Special microbiologySpecial microbiology Information about concrete bacteria/virus or group of bacteria/viruses, their therapy and diagnostic problems etc. Autumn term in practise lectures

8. General microbiologyxSpecial 2. Morphology and structure of bacteria 3. Bacterial growth 4. Microbes and their environment 5. Pathogenicity and virulence 6. Factors of pathogenicity 7. Course and forms of infection (special in oral cavity) 8. Antimicrobial therapy 9. The resident oral microflora 10. Biofilm 11. Dental plaque, dental caries 12. Immunity (specific and non-specific) 13. Active and passive immunization (vaccination)

9. Work at clinical microbiology Control of patients dates: Name, birth, department… Preparation of samples (lab staff): Urine, serum, blood, tissue, smears… Diagnostic testing: Cultivation, biochemistry, serological reactions, susceptibility testing… Result: Microb XY Interpretation: Quantity – relevant/not relevant Recommendations: Antibiotic therapy, we can offer other reactions

10. When: Timing is important! (hemocultures) Where: What kind of material should I send? Serum, blood, urine, smear, tissue? How: Anaerobic/aerobic environment, special tubes, transport temperature Why? How does it help me? What should I do with result? Is therapy needed? What kind of therapy do we use? Don´t know some answer? Ask someone clever! When, Where, How, Why? Think before sending a material!

11. Cooperation of all components is needed! Epidemiologist Clinicians Clinical microbiologist Medical staff orthopedy microbiology medical staff epidemiology oncology surgery clinical biochemistry dentistry Patient adequate therapy urology

12. Other questions + practise lectures: Other questions + practise lectures: lenka.cernohorska@fnusa.cz Thank you for your attention