1. Dr. Dalia H. Elkamchouchi CLINICAL ENGINEERING part(4)

2. Sometimes, a Hospital will decide to start innovations أبتكارات in only one area, either clinical or hospital engineering. In this case we say that it is implementing partial clinical engineering management. The programs are the same as those for general management, but are applied to a specific area. In the hospital engineering area, a hospital can chose to start on medical gases, electricity, water quality, steam generation, air conditioning applications, telecommunication, etc In the clinical engineering area, a hospital can chose issues such as diagnostics, therapeutics or healthcare equipment. Partial Clinical Engineering Management

3. Refers to the partial application of the 16 programs previously mentioned –Medical Equipments –Hospital Installations - Facilities Using one program or a combination of specific programs to achieve an objective –Inventory & Maintenance –Market Procurement –Patient Safety Accident & Incident Investigation Back

4. Technology Advisory Counseling Administrators –Hospital that don’t have enough demand for an engineering department but have important costs or needs to be supported Legal standards and regulations, specific information on medical equipment and installations Engineers –Lack of time –Lack of knowledge or information Other Professionals –Nurses, Infection control programs, occupational safety professionals Back Another possibility is for the Hospital to start getting control over its medical equipment and facilities, by applying clinical engineering programs led by a specialized professional or a company to give them technological support.

5. The technology audit is a tool that allows us to evaluate how healthcare technology is being used. All hospital operations have to be analyzed, focusing on technology issues. At the end of the audit, it is possible to develop action plans to improve the use of technology in the hospital. It is very common to find real opportunities to improve the Hospital’s situation and reduce economic losses after the audit. Technology Audit & Action Plans

6. Technology Inventory Quantify and qualify equipments and installations –Manufacturer –Regulatory aspects related Ionizing radiation Quality of water –Financial information Price Installation –Conservation conditions –Reports Help hospitals to create performance indicators Usually necessary to use accounting approach Help hospitals to plan new investments Back

7. “Economic Rescue Plans” are structured to analyze: The limitations and restraints of actual technology management that make businesses vulnerable. The imbalances within the business that are created by poor technology management. Economic Rescue Plans

8. Immediate actions that are possible because: –Easy to do but nobody has done it yet –Have no additional costs to implement the proposed solutions –Logic and reason are the only resources that need to be applied –Simple knowledge is enough to resolve the situation –Economic resources are always scarce and have to be used correctly Back

9. Technology Incorporation Planning As the quality of healthcare depends to some extent on the safety and effectiveness of medical devices, it is necessary to establish “Good Purchasing Practices” that include the engineering point of view. This will allow Hospitals to: *Prepare guidelines for preventive maintenance * Establish user training programs *Establish an information center on medical equipment performance which will increase value for the Hospital, as a whole. Back Incorporation ( اندماج )

10. Bibliography Clinical Engineering Handbook – Dyro, J. F. – Elsevier – 2004 Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation – Geddes, L. A.;Baker, L.E. – Wiley Interscience - 1989 Seguranca no Ambiente Hospitalar - Brito, L. F. M. – Senac – 2003 Meditation on Ethics in Clinical Engineering Practice – Dyro, J. F., IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology – 1988 Planning Hospital Medical Technology – David, Y.; Jahnke, E. G. – IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology – 2004 Healthcare Technology Management – David, Y.; Judd, T. M. – Spacelabs Medical – Medical Biophysical Measurement Book Series, 1993 S.Woolhandler and D.U. Himmelstein, “The deteriorating administrative efficiency of the U.S. health care system,” New Eng. J. Med., vol. 324, pp. 1253-1258, 1991. J. Hay, S. Forrest, M. Goetghebeur, “Executive summary: Hospital costs in the US,” Blue Cross Blue Shield Association, October 15, 2001. Banta HD. Institute of Medicine, Assessing Medical Technology. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 1985.