1. Acids and Bases

2. Review of Properties ACID or BASE? Sour Bitter Turns litmus red Turns litmus blue pH higher than 7 pH lower than 7 Produces OH- ions Produces H+ ions Acid Base Acid Base Acid Base Acid

3. Acid Names Type One: Binary Acids Composed of a hydrogen and a non-metal a) Classical Naming Use the root name of the non-metal Put the prefix “hydro” in front of the root name Add “ic” ending to the root name End with the word “acid”

4. Examples: HF(aq) = hydrofluoric acid HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid HBr(aq) = hydrobromic acid *(aq) means “aqueous”: a solution containing water

5. b) IUPAC Naming Name begins with the two words: “aqueous hydrogen” The third part of the name is the root word with an “ide” ending

6. Examples HF(aq) = aqueous hydrogen fluoride HCl(aq) = aqueous hydrogen chloride HBr(aq) = aqueous hydrogen bromide

7. Type Two: Oxoacids Composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and another element. a)Classical names Write the name of the molecule/polyatomic ion Add the word “acid” at the end

8. Examples: H 2 SO 4 (aq) = sulfuric acid HNO 3 (aq) = nitric acid H 3 PO 4 (aq) = phosphoric acid

9. b) IUPAC Naming The name end in “ic” if the molecule normally ends in “ate” The name ends in “ous” if the molecule normally ends in “ite” Add the word “acid” to the end

10. Examples: H 2 SO 4 (aq) = aqueous hydrogen sulfate HNO 3 (aq) = aqueous hydrogen nitrate H 3 PO 4 (aq) = aqueous hydrogen phosphate

11. Base Names Bases are composed of a metal ion and a hydroxide (OH) ion. Naming Write the name of the metal and add the word “hydroxide” at the end

12. Examples: NaOH = sodium hydroxide Mg(OH) 2 = magnesium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 = calcium hydroxide

13. Formulas for Acids and Bases You must balance the charges, just as you did for binary ionic compounds. Hydrogen (H) has a charge of +1 Hydroxide (OH) has a charge of -1

14. Examples HI(aq): “H” has a charge of +1 and “I” has a charge of -1. Crossing over the charges, one gets “H 1 I 1 ” or HI. Ba(OH) 2 : “Ba” has a charge of +2 and “OH” has a charge of -1. Crossing over the charges, one gets Ba(OH) 2. NOTE: the “OH” must be in brackets if you have a subscript after