1. Study on conformity assessment procedure for technical requirements for the human protection against electromagnetic waves of radio base station Kyungjin Yeo Radio Research Laboratory

2. Broadband IT Korea 2 목 차목 차 목 차목 차 Administrative activities for EMF safety 11 New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station in put into service (Amendments on the Radio Act (RA), Enforcement Decree of RA and Enforcement rule of RA) New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station in put into service (Amendments on the Radio Act (RA), Enforcement Decree of RA and Enforcement rule of RA) 22 Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength 33 Conclusion and further studies 44

3. Broadband IT Korea 3 1. Administrative activities for EMF safety Product Facilities SAR test requirements SAR test requirements EMF compliance test EMF compliance test Cellular phone Radio station RA Public discontents Public discontents Rules on measurement of EM environment Rules on measurement of EM environment Basic studies Biological effects Research Support Research Support Radio station Guidelines on human exposure Guidelines on human exposure Regular inspection Regular inspection Inspection on human exposure by radio station Inspection on human exposure by radio station Exposure assessment Exposure assessment New system

4. Broadband IT Korea 4 1. Administrative activities for EMF safety Mandatory (RA) Mandatory (RA) EMF compliance test EMF compliance test Public discontents Public discontents Rules on measurement of EM environment Rules on measurement of EM environment Research Inspection on human exposure by radio station Inspection on human exposure by radio station Protection against EMF exposure from radio station Put into service Regular inspection Put into service Regular inspection Not specified MethodPoint of testTypes

5. Broadband IT Korea 5 1. Administrative activities for EMF safety SAR test approach SAR test approach Walkie-talkie Increase Compliance product Increase Compliance product Inspection on radio exposure Inspection on radio exposure RFID Bluetooth : : Numerical analysis approach Numerical analysis approach Radar site Fixed wireless Inspection by public discontents Inspection by public discontents Broadcasting New regulation on EMF safety New regulation on EMF safety Inspection on occupational Inspection on occupational : :

6. Broadband IT Korea 6 1. Administrative activities for EMF safety Risk communication  Issue of Q&A brochure on EMF safety  Flash animation contest on EMF safety  http://www.rrl.go.kr  Internet site on EMF safety  KEES (http://www.emf.or.kr/) Risk communication  Issue of Q&A brochure on EMF safety  Flash animation contest on EMF safety  http://www.rrl.go.kr  Internet site on EMF safety  KEES (http://www.emf.or.kr/)

7. Broadband IT Korea 7 2. New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station in put into service Radio Act Enforcement decree Enforcement rule Enforcement on radio station compliance test Radio station criteria subject to compliance test - Test by request Re-inspection of test result Test body on test request (KORPA) Re-inspection authority (office of postal service) - Administrative action on noncompliance (safety fence, limitation on service, stop service) Authority on administrative action (office of postal service) - Due date to report and request- Due date to report Day of issue certification of inspection Due date to request Installation, change : on the day Regular inspection : within 30 days after notification Test fee-Test fee 250,000 won Authorization body Penalty Fine -- Summary of amendments on RA

8. Broadband IT Korea 8 2. New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station in put into service Characteristics of new system  Impose duty on each radio station owner  Compliance test could be done by owner or KORPA  Office of Postal Service does administrative action  Power criteria is different by radio station  Mobile base station : 30 W  Broadcasting station : 60 W  Other service station : 60 W Characteristics of new system  Impose duty on each radio station owner  Compliance test could be done by owner or KORPA  Office of Postal Service does administrative action  Power criteria is different by radio station  Mobile base station : 30 W  Broadcasting station : 60 W  Other service station : 60 W

9. Broadband IT Korea 9 2. New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station in put into service Background for the power criteria of radio station  Separation distance expecting possible access to radio station → R  Regulation on construction – Minimal width between buildings : 2 m – Maximum height of radio tower on building : 6 m – Antenna tilt : above 10 degree  Antenna gain in database → G  Radio station license database –Mobile base station : 16 ~ 19 ㏈ –Broadcasting station, other radio station : 2.15 ~ 12 ㏈  Electric field strength in guidelines of EMF exposure for general public → E Applying the equation  P : Power (include system loss) [W]  G : Antenna gain [dBi]  E : Electric field strength in guidelines of EMF exposure for general public [V/m]  η 0 : Wave impedance for free space (377 Ω) Background for the power criteria of radio station  Separation distance expecting possible access to radio station → R  Regulation on construction – Minimal width between buildings : 2 m – Maximum height of radio tower on building : 6 m – Antenna tilt : above 10 degree  Antenna gain in database → G  Radio station license database –Mobile base station : 16 ~ 19 ㏈ –Broadcasting station, other radio station : 2.15 ~ 12 ㏈  Electric field strength in guidelines of EMF exposure for general public → E Applying the equation  P : Power (include system loss) [W]  G : Antenna gain [dBi]  E : Electric field strength in guidelines of EMF exposure for general public [V/m]  η 0 : Wave impedance for free space (377 Ω)

10. Broadband IT Korea 10 2. New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station in put into service Administrative process Receive license application/declaration office of postal service Certification issue office of postal service Receive report on complete installation office of postal service, KORPA Notification of regular inspection office of postal service, KORPA Inspection/Compliance test (when request) office of postal service, KORPA Request test Applicant 30 days Test result submission Applicant comply? Issue license/verifying declaration office of postal service Yes comply? Administrative action office of postal service No 30 days ※ Test on request is undertaken by KORPA Continue service

11. Broadband IT Korea 11 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength There is no place to exceed the limits near the radio station ⇒ Conformity assessment procedure = procedure to find excess place  Only test the place where human could exist or stay  And only test the where public could access Making conformity assessment procedure  Discussion and selection from known theories and techniques  Considering trade offs  Efficiency/cost There is no place to exceed the limits near the radio station ⇒ Conformity assessment procedure = procedure to find excess place  Only test the place where human could exist or stay  And only test the where public could access Making conformity assessment procedure  Discussion and selection from known theories and techniques  Considering trade offs  Efficiency/cost What means compliance in EMF exposure of radio station?

12. Broadband IT Korea 12 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength Searching in limited boundary  Boundary could be defined by some information of radio station  Logically simple but heavy load on searching Searching in limited boundary  Boundary could be defined by some information of radio station  Logically simple but heavy load on searching Searching the area near radio station (Adopted) Sector antenna : set path(s) per sector Isotropic antenna : one arbitrary path

13. Broadband IT Korea 13 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength Fully depend on radio station installation and terrain  Calculate the exposure by equations before test  Cut load on searching but could be confused in some situation Fully depend on radio station installation and terrain  Calculate the exposure by equations before test  Cut load on searching but could be confused in some situation Searching the area near radio station (Abandoned) 1 4 1 4 1 4 Yes No Different antenna tilt Sector antenna

14. Broadband IT Korea 14 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength CB : Compliance Boundary  A volume outside which any point of investigation is deemed to be compliant. Outside the CB, the exposure levels do not exceed the basic restriction irrespective of the time of exposure  A : Constant related to ground reflection (AM broadcasting 4.0, else 2.56)  P : Power (include system loss) [W]  G : Antenna gain [dBi]  E : Electric field strength in guidelines of EMF exposure for general public [V/m]  η 0 : Wave impedance for free space (377 Ω) CB : Compliance Boundary  A volume outside which any point of investigation is deemed to be compliant. Outside the CB, the exposure levels do not exceed the basic restriction irrespective of the time of exposure  A : Constant related to ground reflection (AM broadcasting 4.0, else 2.56)  P : Power (include system loss) [W]  G : Antenna gain [dBi]  E : Electric field strength in guidelines of EMF exposure for general public [V/m]  η 0 : Wave impedance for free space (377 Ω) Calculate compliance Boundary (1)

15. Broadband IT Korea 15 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength Information of radio station for calculating CB  Electric field strength in guidelines  Antenna gain : maximum gain in direction of main lobe  Power : power in license database  System loss : total loss at antenna system (after final amplifier)  cable loss  antenna efficiency  if system loss are not measured or calculated, apply 4 ㏈ ※ Direction and azimuth pattern of antenna is needed (however, tilt is ignored) Information of radio station for calculating CB  Electric field strength in guidelines  Antenna gain : maximum gain in direction of main lobe  Power : power in license database  System loss : total loss at antenna system (after final amplifier)  cable loss  antenna efficiency  if system loss are not measured or calculated, apply 4 ㏈ ※ Direction and azimuth pattern of antenna is needed (however, tilt is ignored) Calculate compliance Boundary (2)

16. Broadband IT Korea 16 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength Searching the area : find the location of maximum EMF exposure  Begin at the boundary of 5 times of CB from radio station  measure and approach to the radio station with sampling step  find measurement location of maximum EMF exposure  measurement height is always 1.5 m in searching Searching the area : find the location of maximum EMF exposure  Begin at the boundary of 5 times of CB from radio station  measure and approach to the radio station with sampling step  find measurement location of maximum EMF exposure  measurement height is always 1.5 m in searching Measurement EMF strength of radio station – searching the area Exposure ratio of out of 5R is under 0.05

17. Broadband IT Korea 17 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Strength ※ λ : Wave length, d : 5 times of CB distance Sampling step is sparse, however it is enough to find the location of maximum exposure. ※ λ : Wave length, d : 5 times of CB distance Sampling step is sparse, however it is enough to find the location of maximum exposure. Frequency ~ 80 ㎒ 80 ㎒ ~ 900 ㎒ 900 ㎒ ~ 3000 ㎒ 3 ㎓ ~ Steps Max(λ, d/40)Max(2 m, d/40)1 m0.5 m Sampling steps in searching the location

18. Broadband IT Korea 18 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength Multiple position (height and width)  Could reflect changes of EMF in height  Too many positions are heavy load in test and meaningless One position  Simple but could not reflect changes ⇒ One height (1.5 m) in searching, 3 heights (1.1, 1.5, 1.7 m) in measuring at maximum location Multiple position (height and width)  Could reflect changes of EMF in height  Too many positions are heavy load in test and meaningless One position  Simple but could not reflect changes ⇒ One height (1.5 m) in searching, 3 heights (1.1, 1.5, 1.7 m) in measuring at maximum location Measurement position 1.7 m(eye) 1.5 m(Chest) 1.1 m(Belly)

19. Broadband IT Korea 19 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength Exposure ratio (ER)  Assessed exposure parameter  ER = (measured E-field strength/E-field strength in guideline) 2  or ER = (measured H-field strength/H-field strength in guideline) 2  or ER = measured wave power density/wave power density in guideline ※ ER is a normalized number which shows the assessment result Total exposure ratio (TER)  Sum of exposure ratios of multiple sources which is subjected to compliance test (if it is over 1, exceed the limits)  (ER) i = ER for the i th radio station  M : Total number of radio stations which use different frequencies Exposure ratio (ER)  Assessed exposure parameter  ER = (measured E-field strength/E-field strength in guideline) 2  or ER = (measured H-field strength/H-field strength in guideline) 2  or ER = measured wave power density/wave power density in guideline ※ ER is a normalized number which shows the assessment result Total exposure ratio (TER)  Sum of exposure ratios of multiple sources which is subjected to compliance test (if it is over 1, exceed the limits)  (ER) i = ER for the i th radio station  M : Total number of radio stations which use different frequencies ER, TER

20. Broadband IT Korea 20 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength Default measurement : After finding the location of maximum exposure, measure the EMF exposure at each 3 height (1.1, 1.5, 1.7 m) in 6 min. average.  Maximum value of 3 height is adopted as EMF exposure of the location  Calculate ER for measured value Extended measurement : If the result of default measurement indicates ※ the possibility of excess the limits, measure all other radio stations which is subjected to compliance test and its ER is over 0.05 at each 3 height (1.1, 1.5, 1.7 m) in 6 min. average. ※ When ER of default measurement exceed 0.2  Maximum value of 3 height is adopted as EMF exposure of the location  Calculate ER for measured value and TER Default measurement : After finding the location of maximum exposure, measure the EMF exposure at each 3 height (1.1, 1.5, 1.7 m) in 6 min. average.  Maximum value of 3 height is adopted as EMF exposure of the location  Calculate ER for measured value Extended measurement : If the result of default measurement indicates ※ the possibility of excess the limits, measure all other radio stations which is subjected to compliance test and its ER is over 0.05 at each 3 height (1.1, 1.5, 1.7 m) in 6 min. average. ※ When ER of default measurement exceed 0.2  Maximum value of 3 height is adopted as EMF exposure of the location  Calculate ER for measured value and TER Measure TER 1.7 m( 눈 ) 1.5 m( 가슴 ) 1.1 m( 배 )

21. Broadband IT Korea 21 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Strength Purpose  Finding any problem to carry out the assessment procedure Object  Mobile services : Cellular, PCS, WCDMA, Wi-Bro  Broadcasting : TV, FM, AM  Other service : TRS, pager, location based system Result  No problem on compliance test itself but it needs a lot of time and work Purpose  Finding any problem to carry out the assessment procedure Object  Mobile services : Cellular, PCS, WCDMA, Wi-Bro  Broadcasting : TV, FM, AM  Other service : TRS, pager, location based system Result  No problem on compliance test itself but it needs a lot of time and work Measurement on radio stations for verifying the procedure

22. Broadband IT Korea 22 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Strength Finding measurement location Type of RSCB distance5 R Maximum location Cellular (Yongsan) 12 m60 m52 m Cellular (Dobong) 26.6 m133 m84 m AM broadcasting 18 m90 mNearest TV broadcasting 12.2 m61 m46 m FM broadcasting 53.6 m268 m54 m TV sub-station 19.2 m96 m58 m Pager 4 m20 m6 m LBS 4.4 m22 m8 m TRS 5.4 m27 m6 m

23. Broadband IT Korea 23 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Strength TER from multiple source LocationEMF strengthSKTKTFLGT WCDM A (1) WCDM A (2) WiBro (1) WiBro (2) TER Yongsan Measured (V/m) 2.090.35-0.3830.1640.3650.68- guidelines 40.5333658.98093-61 - ER 0.00266 0.00004 - 0.00001 0.00004 0.00012 0.0029 Normalization 0.20.002649-0.0029660.0005440.0026930.0093480.2182 Dobong Measured (V/m) 0.970.680.520.920.26-0.4- guidelines 40.5333658.9809359.3006161 - - ER 0.00057 0.00013 0.00008 0.00023 0.00002 -0.000040.0011 Normalization 0.20.046420.0268530.0794380.006345-0.0150170.3741

24. Broadband IT Korea 24 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength Composition  Isotropic probe : 3-axis isotropic probe  Tripod  Cable : double-shielded or optical cable  Receiver : Spectrum analyzer Composition  Isotropic probe : 3-axis isotropic probe  Tripod  Cable : double-shielded or optical cable  Receiver : Spectrum analyzer Equipments

25. Broadband IT Korea 25 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength Receiver  Narrowband measurement : frequency selective  Automatically calculate EMF strength ※ EMF strength (E-field) calculation equation  E-field strength ( ㏈㎶ /m) = Receiver ㏈ m + antenna factor (of probe) + cable loss factor + receiver calibration factor Receiver setting  Fit for frequency band of radio station  Setting start/stop frequency and span  RBW : wide as possible Receiver  Narrowband measurement : frequency selective  Automatically calculate EMF strength ※ EMF strength (E-field) calculation equation  E-field strength ( ㏈㎶ /m) = Receiver ㏈ m + antenna factor (of probe) + cable loss factor + receiver calibration factor Receiver setting  Fit for frequency band of radio station  Setting start/stop frequency and span  RBW : wide as possible Receiver (Spectrum analyzer)

26. Broadband IT Korea 26 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength Measuring channel E-field strength Calculate whole band EMF strength base on channel E-field strength of Whole band : 426.9 ㎷ /m SQRT (sum (FA E-field strength 2 )) : 426.58 ㎷ /m

27. Broadband IT Korea 27 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Strength WiBroWCDMA Spectrum for each radio service

28. Broadband IT Korea 28 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Strength TRSPager service Spectrum for each radio service

29. Broadband IT Korea 29 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Strength Spectrum for each radio service TV broadcasting (analog/digital)Location Based Service

30. Broadband IT Korea 30 3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Strength Picture of compliance test

31. Broadband IT Korea 31 4. Conclusion and further studies New EMF compliance test procedure for radio station  Based on known theories and techniques of course, it works  However, also requires quite works in the field Successful settlement of new system  Solving problems in conformity assessment procedure (feedback from each organizations)  Cooperation and understanding by service provider and civilians Technical advance in the procedure  Reduce works in finding measurement location  Reduce sampling steps and measurement heights  Receiver settings  Suggest RBW settings for each radio services New EMF compliance test procedure for radio station  Based on known theories and techniques of course, it works  However, also requires quite works in the field Successful settlement of new system  Solving problems in conformity assessment procedure (feedback from each organizations)  Cooperation and understanding by service provider and civilians Technical advance in the procedure  Reduce works in finding measurement location  Reduce sampling steps and measurement heights  Receiver settings  Suggest RBW settings for each radio services

32. Broadband IT Korea 32 Thank you