1. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 1 Welcome! ATM OCN 100: WEATHER & CLIMATE Lecture # 01: Summer 2004 u LECTURE IA: INTRODUCTION – 3 credit science class

2. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 2 A. COURSE INTRODUCTION u YOUR INSTRUCTOR –Ed Hopkins Office: Rm. 1407 Meteor & Space Science (1225 W. Dayton St.) –(608/262-1605) – hopkins@meteor.wisc.edu u HIS INTERESTS –Weather Education –Wisconsin State Climatology

3. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 3 WHERE WE ARE u COURSE WEB PAGE http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/aos100/

4. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 4 A Request from the Department Chair u No Food or Drinks Please!!! u Watch out for the carpet. u Thanks! u --- u Also: u Women’s rest room on this floor u Men’s rest room on 9 th floor u Vending machines on 5 th floor

5. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 5 A. COURSE INTRODUCTION (con’t.) u Prerequisites u Lectures – 4 Lectures/week (75 min. each) – ATTENDANCE HIGHLY RECOMMENDED u Textbook – Moran (2 nd ed., 2002) u Homework (5 or 7 exercises) u Exams – 3 rd wk. 1 July 2004 – 6 th wk. 22 July 2004 – 8 th wk. 5 Aug 2004 u Honors Credits

6. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 6 A. COURSE INTRODUCTION (con’t.) u Prerequisites u Lectures – 4 Lectures/week (75 min. each) – ATTENDANCE HIGHLY RECOMMENDED u Homework (5 or 7 exercises) u Exams – 1 st or 3 rd wk.Thurs. 1 July 2004 – 2 nd or 6 th wk. Thurs. 22 July 2004 – 3 rd or 8 th wk.Thurs. 5 Aug 2004

7. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 7 A. COURSE INTRODUCTION (con’t.) u Textbook – Moran (2 nd ed., 2002)

8. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 8 A. COURSE INTRODUCTION (con’t.) COURSE OBJECTIVES u Interpret TV or newspaper weather maps. u Explain selected fundamental terminology. u Identify conceptual models. u Make simple, short term weather forecasts. u Explain reasons for atmospheric motions. u Distinguish various severe weather phenomena & appropriate NWS advisories, watches & warnings.

9. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 9 COURSE OBJECTIVES (con’t) u Identify various weather instruments. u Locate useful sources of weather & climate information. u Appreciate challenges facing atmospheric scientists. u Explain why Planet Earth is unique. u Trace energy flow through planet system. u Distinguish characteristic sizes of atmospheric systems.

10. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 10 Public Sources of Weather Information u Television –Local Commerical Channels –The Weather Channel –Other Cable Channels u Radio – Local AM/FM –NOAA Weather Radio u Newspapers –Local & USA Today u The Internet

11. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 11 B. WHAT IS METEOROLOGY? u Derivation of Key Words – Meteorology F “ Meteor” + “ology” – Weather (“weder”) – Climate (“klima”) – Climate (“klima”)

12. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 12 B. WHAT IS METEOROLOGY? u Derivation of Key Words – Meteorology F “ Meteor” + “ology” – Weather (“weder”) – Climate (“klima”) – Climate (“klima”) u Present Scope of Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

13. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 13 COMPARISONS BETWEEN WEATHER & CLIMATE u Weather – Current Weather Observational Data – Weather Maps – Weather Forecasts

14. MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER Madison Weather at 1000 AM CDT MON JUN 14 2004 Updated twice an hour at :05 and :25 Sky/Weather LGT RAIN Temperature 69 Dew Point 65 Relative Humidity 86% Wind S9 Pressure 1010.5 mb Pressure 1010.5 mb u u

15. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 15 TODAY’S NATIONAL WEATHER

16. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 16 TOMORROW’S NATIONAL WEATHER

17. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 17 COMPARISONS BETWEEN WEATHER & CLIMATE u Weather – Current Weather Observational Data – Weather Maps – Weather Forecasts u Climate – Long-term statistics – Climate maps & charts – Long Range Forecasts/Outlooks

18. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 18 Summer Solstice on 21 June Highest average temperatures In mid July

19. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 19 Anomaly = actual current T - long term average T

20. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 20 Drought Problems

21. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 21 A Sample Climate Outlook (Forecast)

22. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 22 “The Day After Tomorrow”

23. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 23 Chamberlin Rock – A reminder of a past climate...

24. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 24 The Region at 14,000 yr BP (from Illinois State Museum)

25. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 25 Also get the Boaz mastadon

26. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 26 C. THE HUMAN FACTOR WEATHER COSTS 30 yr. averages (1971-2000) [Source: National Weather Service, 2003]

27. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 27 C. THE HUMAN FACTOR WEATHER COSTS 30 yr. averages (1966-95) [Source: National Weather Service, 1997]

28. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 28 C. THE HUMAN FACTOR (from NWS Office of Climate, Water & Weather Services) 531 Total $10.0813 Billion

29. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 29 Expensive Weather & Climate Events (Source: NCDC)

30. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 30 104 years ago in Galveston, TX From National Climate Data Center 8-9 Sept 1900 - > 6000 people killed

31. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 31 D. GOALS OF METEOROLOGY u Observation u Codification u Explanation u Prediction u Adaptation u Modification

32. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 32 E. CHARACTERISTICS of METEOROLOGY u International Scope –“Weather knows no boundaries” –World Meteorological Organization

33. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 33 Current Satellite Composite From Space Science & Engineering Center

34. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 34 E. CHARACTERISTICS of METEOROLOGY u International Scope u A Physical Science u Interdisciplinary

35. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 35 F. MODELS in METEOROLOGY u What is a model? –A representation of reality u Types of Models – Physical – Graphical – Numerical – Conceptual u Role of Models in Meteorology

36. ATM OCN 100 Summer 2004 36 G. BRIEF HISTORY OF METEOROLOGY & CLIMATOLOGY See Appendix I I pg. 361-366 Moran (2002) u Ancient - Weather Lore u Classic Greek Meteorology – Aristotle (350 B.C.) u Renaissance Meteorology u Meteorology in the Scientific & Industrial Revolutions u Organized weather observations u Our concept of storms u New tools & models