1. Evolution of Eukaryotes

2. Invertebrates Lacking a backbone Examples – Jellyfish – Sponges – Crabs

3. DIVIDING LINE Invertebrates to Vertebrates No Backbone to Backbone Increased specialization and movement of organisms begins

4. Fish Scales Gills—Breath Underwater Soft eggs – 1 exception - Sharks Aquatic Life 2 Chambered Heart

5. Amphibians Skin Gills/Lungs Soft Eggs 2 Chambered Heart Appendages

6. Reptiles Scales, protection (dessication) Lungs Hard eggs Appendages or Loss of Appendages 3 Chambered Heart* Crocodiles

7. Dinosaurs Scales Lungs Hard eggs Terrestrial + Aquatic Birds Descended Appendages

8. Birds Feathers – Modified scales Lungs Hard eggs Live on land Flight Hollow Bones 4 Chambered Heart Homeothermic

9. Mammals Hair/Fur Lungs Hard eggs/Live birth Mammary Glands Four Chambered Heart Homeothermic

10. Primates Skin/hair Lungs Live birth Terrestrial/Trees Tactile Fingers/Toes Opposable Thumbs* Intelligence 4 Chambered Heart Homeothermic

11. Humans Hair Lungs Live birth Terrestrial Higher Intelligence Opposable Thumb 4 Chambered Heart Homeothermic Bipedalism